Leung's Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics

COMMERCIAL PREPARATIONS

Crude and extracts (solid, fluid, tincture, etc.).
Crude and fluid extract were formerly
official in N.F. Strengths (see glossary)of
extracts are expressed in weight-to-weight
ratios or flavor intensities. In Europe the drug
consists of the root, with herb, gathered while
blooming. Dandelion herb consists of the

fresh or dried aboveground portions of the

plant.15,16

Regulatory Status. GRAS (§182.20). Dan-

delion root (with herb) and dandelion leaves

are subjects of positive German therapeutic

monographs, allowed as a diuretic, for loss of

appetite, dyspeptic problems, and distur-

bances in bile flow.15,16

REFERENCES

See the General References forAPPLEQUIST;BAILEY1;BARNES;BLUMENTHAL1;BRUNETON;DER
MARDEROSIAN AND BEUTLER;DUKE4;ESCOP3;FEMA;FOSTER;FOSTER AND DUKE;GOSSELIN;GRIEVE;
JIANGSU;KROCHMAL AND KROCHMAL;LUST;MARTINDALE;MCGUFFIN1&2;NANJING;ROSE;TERRELL.

1. B. Proda and E. Andrzejewska,Farm.
   Polska, 22 , 181 (1966); through Chem.
   Abstr., 65 , 9341c (1966).


2. Y. Kashiwada et al.,J. Asian Nat. Prod.
   Res., 3 , 191 (2001).


3. W. Kisiel and B. Barszcz,Fitoterapia, 71 ,
   269 (2000).


4. C. Hu and D. D. Kitts,Phytomedicine, 12 ,
   588 (2005).


5. C. A. Williams et al.,Phytochemistry, 42 ,
   121 (1996).


6. K. Schutz et al.,Rapid Commun. Mass
   Spectrom., 19 , 179 (2005).


7. J. Chury and F. Prosek, Vet. Med.
   (Prague), 13 , 305 (1968).


8. N. R. Farnsworth and A. B. Segelman,
   Tile Till, 57 , 52 (1971).


9. J. C. Mitchell,Recent Advances in Phy-
   tochemistry, Plenum Press, New York,
   1975, p. 119.
   10. K. Faber,Pharmazie, 13 , 423 (1958).
   11. C. Hu and D. D. Kitts,J. Agric. Food
   Chem., 51 , 301 (2003).
   12. N. Mascolo, Phytother. Res., 1 ,28
   (1987).
   13. S. W. Seo et al.,World J. Gastroenterol.,
   11 , 597 (2005).
   14. H. B. Heath, Cosmet. Toilet., 92 ,19
   (1977).
   15. MonographTaraxaci radix cum herba.
   Bundesanzeiger, no. 228 (December 5,
   1984); corrected (September 1, 1990).
   16. MonographTaraxaci radix cum herba.
   Bundesanzeiger, no. 228 (August 29,
   1992).
   17. J. L. Hartwell,Lloydia, 31 , 71 (1968).
   18. V. F. Belyaev and P. V. Golovin,Uch.
   Zap.,Beloruss. Gos Univ. V. I. Lenina,
   Ser. Khim., 20 , 220 (1954).

DEERTONGUE

Source: Trilisa odoratissima(J. F. Gmel.)
Cass. (syn.Carphephorus odoratissimus(J. F.
Gmel.) Hebert;Liatris odoratissimaMichx.)
(Family Compositae or Asteraceae).

Common/vernacular names: Deer’s tongue,
Carolina vanilla, wild vanilla, liatris, vanilla

trilisa, vanilla plant, vanilla leaf, and hound’s

tongue.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

A perennial herb with large, thick leaves and

a stem that is branched near the top; up to

about 1.2 m high; native to eastern United

240 Deertongue