Leung's Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics

REFERENCES

See the General References forBAILEY1;DER MARDEROSIAN AND BEUTLER;GOSSELIN;HARDIN AND ARENA,
HUANG;LIST AND HO€RHAMMER;LUST;MARTINDALE;MCGUFFIN1&2;RAFFAUF;UPHOF;WILLAMAN AND
SCHUBERT.

1. M. Kitajima et al.,Chem. Pharm. Bull.,
   51 , 1211 (2003).


2. A. Nikiforov et al.,Monatsh. Chem., 105 ,
   1292 (1974).


3. E. Wenkert et al.,Experimentia, 28 , 377
   (1971).


4. M. Wichtl et al.,Monatsh. Chem., 104 ,87
   (1973).


5. M. Wichtl et al.,Monatsh. Chem., 104 ,99
   (1973).


6. Y. Schun and G. A. Cordell,J. Nat. Prod.,
   50 , 195 (1987).


7. O. Peredery and M. A. Persinger,
   Phytother. Res., 18 , 700 (2004).
   8. D. Bousta et al.,J. Ethnopharmacol., 74 ,
   205 (2001).
   9. B. R. Olin et al.,Lawrence Rev. Nat.
   Prod., (1993).


8. L. J. Thompson et al.,Vet. Hum. Toxicol.,
   44 , 272 (2002).


9. J. L. Hartwell,Lloydia, 33 , 97 (1970).


10. S. Foster, East–West Botanicals:
    Comparisons of Medicinal Plants
    Disjunct between Eastern Asia and
    Eastern North America, Ozark
    Beneficial Plant Project, Brixey, MO,


11. 
    

GENET

Source:Spartium junceumL.(syn.Genista
juncea Lam. (Family Leguminosae or
Fabaceae)

Common/vernacular names:Spanish broom,
weavers broom.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

A monotypic genus, upright perennial, ever-
green shrub that can reach six to ten feet tall,
shrub with green branches, up to about 3 m
high; stems bright green rounded (rush-like)
and mainly leafless; leaves simple, alternate,
linear to lanceolate, short-lived, less than
one inch long; flowers grow in clusters at the
branches fragrant, bright yellow, and pea-
shaped, approximately 1 in. long; fruits hairy
seed pods, flat and linear, up to 2.5 cm long;
native to the Mediterranean region, southwest
Europe, and the Canary Islands; extensively
cultivated, especially as an ornamental plant
in western United States. Part used is the dried

flower from which genet absolute and other

extracts are produced by solvent extraction.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

Contains alkaloids (mainly anagyrine, cyti-

sine,thermopsine,N-methylcytisine,andspar-

teine), n-nonacosane, 1,18-octadecanediol,

1,26-hexacosanediol, lupeol, sitosterol, phe-

nols, acids and trace of volatile oil (KARRER;

WILLAMAN AND SCHUBERT).1–3Anisoflavoneand

differentglycosidesoffourflavonoids(azalea-

tin,carthamidine,luteolin,andquercetin)have

been isolated.4,5Triterpene saponine glyco-

sides (junceoside and spartitrioside) and seed

lectins have also been reported.4,6,7

Major constituents of the absolute include

ethyl palmitate (14.56%), linalool (10.91%),

methyl linoleate (7.13%), ethyl stearate

(3.67%), ethyl oleate (4.86%), methyl linole-

nate (1.53%), phenethyl alcohol (1.30%), and

at least 50 additional, mostly ubiquitous, vol-

atile components; plus caproic, caprylic, cap-

ric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic,

linoleic, and linolenic acids. Occurrence of

314 Genet