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GINSENG (ASIAN AND
AMERICAN)
Source:Asian ginsengPanax ginsengC. A.
Mey. (syn.P. schinsengNees);American
ginsengPanax quinquefoliusL. (Family
Araliaceae).
Common/vernacular names: Chinese gin-
seng, Korean ginseng, Japanese ginseng
(P. ginseng); Western ginseng (P. quinquefo-
lius); seng and sang.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Both are perennial herbs with simple single
stems bearing at flowering a whorl of three
to six long-petioled compound leaves at
the top.
Asian ginseng bears only a single leaf with
three leaflets in the first year. In the second
year, it bears a single leaf with fiveleaflets, and
in its third year two leaves with five leaflets. It
usually starts flowering at its fourth year
when bearing three leaves (JIANGSU).1–5Asian
ginseng is native to northeastern China and
extensively cultivated there and in nearby
Russia, as well as Korea and Japan.
American ginseng is native to eastern
North America, from Quebec to Manitoba,
south to northern Florida, Alabama, and Ok-
lahoma. Once considered abundant in eastern
North America, it is now considered a threat-
ened, rare, or endangered species in many
areas due to overzealous harvest of the root
for commercial purposes. It is cultivated in
Canada (Quebec, Ontario, British Columbia)
and in the United States (New England, Wis-
consin, Illinois, North Carolina, Tennessee,
Georgia, Missouri, etc.), as well as in China;
Chinese material enters commerce in Hong
Kong under the ambiguous name ‘‘China
White.’’6,7
Parts used are the dried, often specially
treated (cured) roots; normally roots of plants
about 6 years old are used.
There are many types and grades of Asian
ginseng, depending on the sources, ages, and
parts of the roots, as well as methods of330 Ginseng (Asian and American)