Leung's Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics

wounds, sores, acne, dandruff, and ringworm,
among others. It has also been used in
cancers.^20
American Indian tribes used the roots as
a wash for local inflammations; decoction
for general debility, dyspepsia, whooping
cough, diarrhea, jaundice, fever, sour stom-
ach, flatulence, pneumonia, and with whisky
for heart disease (FOSTER AND DUKE;
MOERMAN).^1

COMMERCIAL PREPARATIONS

Crude, extracts, and hydrastine salts. Crude,
fluid extract, and tincture were formerly offi-

cial in N.F. Strengths (seeglossary) of extracts

are expressed in weight-to-weight ratios or in

total alkaloids content.

Regulatory Status. Class 2b dietary supple-

ment (not used during pregnancy). Official in

the first revision (1830) of New York edition of

U.S.P., but absent in the Philadelphia 1830 U.

S.P. Dropped in 1840, and then official in U.S.

P. from 1860 to 1926. Included in N.F. 1888;

also 1936–1955.^21

In 1982 the alkaloid, hydrastine, was still

official in the pharmacopoeias of nine

countries.^21

REFERENCES

See the General References forAPPLEQUIST;BAILEY1;BARNES;BLUMENTHAL2;DER MARDEROSIAN AND
BEUTLER;FERNALD;FOSTER;FOSTERAND DUKE;GOSSELIN;KROCHMAL AND KROCHMAL;LUST;MARTINDALE;
MCGUFFIN1&2;MERCK;MOERMAN;ROSE;TERRELL;TYLER1;UPHOF.

1. S. Foster, Goldenseal—Hydrastis
   canadensis, Botanical Series, no. 309,
   American Botanical Council, Austin,
   TX, 1991.


2. B. Y. Hwang et al.,Planta Med., 69 , 623
   (2003).


3. J. Gleye and E. Stanislas,Plant. Med.
   Phytother., 6 , 306 (1972).


4. G. Caille et al.,Can. J. Pharm. Sci., 5 ,55
   (1970).


5. J. Gleye et al.,Phytochemistry, 13 , 675
   (1974).


6. K. Genest and D. W. Hughes,Can. J.
   Pharm. Sci., 4 , 41 (1969).


7. S. El-Masry et al.,J. Pharm. Sci., 69 ,
   5597 (1980).


8. C. E. McNamara et al.,J. Nat. Prod., 67 ,
   1818 (2004).


9. E. J. Gentry et al.,J. Nat. Prod., 61 , 1187
   (1998).


10. J. Haginiwa and M. Harada,Yakugaku
    Zasshi, 82 , 726 (1962).


11. H. bdel-Haq et al.,Pharmacol. Toxicol.,
    87 , 218 (2000).


12. G. B. Mahady et al.,Phytother. Res., 17 ,
    217 (2003).


13. F. Scazzocchio et al.,Planta Med., 67 ,
    561 (2001).


14. S. A. Periera da et al.,Phytother. Res., 14 ,
    612 (2000).


15. J. Rehman et al.,Immunol. Lett., 68 , 391
    (1999).


16. V. Preininger in R. H. F. Manske, ed.,
    The Alkaloids, Vol. 15, Academic Press,
    New York, 1975, p. 207.


17. C. W. Lau et al.,Cardiovasc. Drug Rev.,
    19 , 234 (2001).


18. J. J. Inbaraj et al.,Chem. Res. Toxicol.,
    14 1529 (2001).,


19. S. Foster,HerbalGram, 21 (1989).


20. J. L. Hartwell, Lloydia, 34 ,103
    (1971).


21. C. Hobbs, Pharm. Hist., 32 ,79
    (1990).

338 Goldenseal