Leung's Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics

Naringin extract is used mainly in soft
drinks. Other foods in which it is also used
include alcoholic beverages, frozen dairy des-
serts, candy, baked goods, and gelatins and
puddings. Highest average maximum use lev-
el is about 0.018 (175 ppm) reported in alco-
holic beverages; average maximum use level
reported in soft drinks (nonalcoholic bev-
erages) is about 0.004% (38.4 ppm).

COMMERCIAL PREPARATION

Grapefruit oil (also partially deterpenized)

and naringin extract. Oil is official in F.C.C.

Regulatory Status. GRAS with both grape-

fruit and naringin listed (§182.20).

REFERENCES

See the General References forARCTANDER;BAILEY1;FEMA;GUENTHER;JIANGSU;KARRER;POLUNIN AND
SMYTHIES;TERRELL;TUCKER AND LAWRENCE;UPHOF.

1. H. Sulser et al.,J. Org. Chem., 36 , 2422
   (1971).


2. J. W. Huffman and L. H. Zalkow,
   Tetrahedron Lett., 10 , 751 (1973).


3. M. Koketsu,et al.,Bol. Pesgui EMBRAPA
   Cent. Technol. Agr.Ailment, 7 , 21(1983).


4. J. A. Remar in J. Erghese, ed., On
   Essential Oils, Synthie Industrial Pte
   Ltd., Lolenchery, India, 1986, p. 123.


5. G.Dugoetal.,Flav.Frag.J., 5 ,205(1990).


6. W. A. Ko ̈nig et al., J. High Res.
   Chromatogr., 13 , 328 (1990).


7. A. N. Abulrob et al.,Phytochemistry, 65 ,
   3021 (2004).


8. P. Schmiedlin-Ren et al.,Drug Metab.
   Dispos., 25 , 1228 (1997).


9. W. L. Stanley and L. Jurd,J. Agric. Food
   Chem., 19 , 1106 (1971).


10. J. F. Fisher and H. E. Nordby,J. Food Sci.,
    30 , 869 (1965).


11. M. G. Moshonas,J. Agric. Food Chem.,
    19 , 769 (1971).


12. J. L. K. Hunter and W. B. Brogden,
    J. Food Sci., 30 , 383 (1965).


13. J. L. K. Hunter and M. G. Moshonas,
    J. Food Sci., 31 , 167 (1966).


14. G. M. Fishman and M. N. Gumanitskaya,
    U. S. S. R., 261 , 166 (1970).


15. V. A. Bandyukova and G. M. Fishman,
    Subtrop. Kul’t.,5–6, 137 (1976).


16. D. L. J. Opdyke,Food Cosmet. Toxicol.,
    12 , 723 (1974).


17. M. Tanida et al.,Brain Res., 1058 ,44
    (2005).


18. J. Shen et al.,Neurosci. Lett., 383 , 188
    (2005).


19. A. Niijima and K. Nagai,Exp. Biol. Med.
    (Maywood.), 228 ,1190 (2003).


20. S. Haze et al.,Jpn. J. Pharmacol., 90 , 247
    (2002).


21. F. J. C. Rose and W. E. H. Field,Food
    Cosmet. Toxicol., 3 , 311 (1965).

GUAIAC WOOD OIL

Source: Bulnesia sarmienti Lorentz ex
Griseb. (Family Zygophyllaceae).

Common/vernacularnames:Champacawood
oil.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

A tree native to South America, growing in

Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina. Guaiac wood

oil is obtained by steam distillation of the

comminuted wood and sawdust; it is a thick

semisolid mass with an odor resembling tea

Guaiac wood oil 345