Tactics, command, leadership

Measures in a problem solving system

The measures that are executed during a response operation are

the smallest elements that constitute the operation from a tactical

perspective. Measures can be defined as formalised heuristics and

algorithms for carrying out tasks in a problem solving system (Jo-

nes, 1993). Heuristics is a method of discovering or forming new

(relevant) knowledge. An algorithm is a systematic process that,

in a limited number of steps, discovers how to solve a calcula-

tion or problem. A problem solving system can then be defined

as a group of players that carry out dependent activities in order

to solve one or more problems. Measures are then the processes

in the problem solving system that actually solve the problem or

problems. A problem solving system works as per definition in a

state of insecurity, indistinctness and ambiguity. Insecurity can

be taken as incomplete information, indistinctness as the need to

establish an understanding of an unclear situation and ambiguity

as alternative hypotheses, i.e. several alternative solutions. Measu-

res do not only solve the problem; they also result in the discovery

and formation of new knowledge. This is an important aspect as

this gained knowledge will form the basis for solving similar or

even identical problems or situations in the future. This is in part

what we normally call experience.

Time

Damage /

injury

Decision on

measure

Measure applied Measure takes effect

There is normally a
time lapse between
when a measure is
decided upon and when
it takes effect.