62 • Introduction to Art Therapy
In 1951, art therapy at the Menninger Foundation began another phase with the arrival
of Don Jones (Figure 3.10), an artist who, as a conscientious objector, had worked in a psy-
chiatric hospital during World War II (E). Jones, who stayed at Menninger’s for 15 years,
later trained an artist named Robert Ault (F), who was hired in 1960, and who subsequently
trained Charles Anderson (G), hired in 1968. Both Ault and Jones were on the steering com-
mittee that formed the American Art Therapy Association (AATA) after Jones had moved
to Harding Hospital in Columbus, Ohio. Both also pioneered in developing some of the first
clinical internship training programs.
There were many others in different places in this country, usually invited into a psychi-
atric setting by a psychiatrist or a psychologist, most often having a primary identity as an
artist or educator. Many of these individuals, like Marge Howard (H) in Oklahoma or Elsie
Muller (I) in Kansas, gathered with the East Coast pioneers and their students at meetings
of the ASPE. This group was led by another psychiatric supporter of art therapy—Dr. Irene
Jakab, noted earlier as one of the founders of SIPE in Italy in 1959; she has been president of
the American branch since 1966 (J).
In the nation’s capital, yet another pioneer art therapist was learning her trade in presti-
gious institutions (Fig u re 3.11). She was a sculptor from Poland named Hanna Kwiatkowska
(K), and she had the good fortune to work first (1955–1957) at St. Elizabeth’s Hospital—
which actually had had an “art therapist” since 1943 (Prentiss Taylor)—and then at the
National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) (1958–1980). At NIMH, with the support of
psychiatric colleagues doing seminal work in the new field of family therapy, she invented
and developed family art therapy and family art evaluation.
Myra Levick (Figure 3.12), who started the first graduate training program in art ther-
apy at Hahnemann Medical College in 1967, was an artist who had applied for work with
psychiatric patients at Hahnemann Hospital in Philadelphia (L). She was mentored by the
Figure 3.10 Don Jones doing art therapy.