INDEX 531
of a gas, 185 – 187
reaction quantity, 318
Standard state
of a gas, 181
of a gas mixture constituent, 239
of an ion, 287
of a mixture component, 269
of a pure liquid or solid, 181
of a pure substance, 181
State
of aggregation, 30 , 476
equilibrium, 48 , 48 – 50
metastable, 50
physical, 30 , 476
standard,seeStandard state
steady, 50
of a system, 45 , 45 – 50
State function, 45 , 45 – 47
change of, 51
Statistical mechanics, 34 , 130 , 131
Boyle temperature, 35
Debye crystal theory, 152
Debye–Huckel theory, ̈ 297
ideal mixture, 261
McMillan–Mayer theory, 261 n
mixture theory, 308
molar entropy of a gas, 154
molar heat capacity of a metal, 152
second virial coefficient, 244
virial equations, 34
Steady state, 50
Steam engine, 107
Steam point, 41 , 205
Stirring work, 83 , 83 – 84
Stoichiometric
activity coefficient, 293
addition compound,seeSolid
compound
coefficient, 315
equation, 313
number, 315 , 320 , 350
Sublimation
point, 203
pressure, 203
temperature, 203
Subscripts for chemical processes, 477
Substance, 222
Subsystem, 28
Supercritical fluid, 32 , 33 , 205 , 210 , 211
Superscripts, 478
Supersystem, 28 , 115 , 117 , 120 , 121 , 124 ,
125
Surface tension, 144
Surface work, 143 – 144
Surroundings, 27
Symbols for physical quantities, 472 – 475
System, 27
closed, 28
isolated, 28 , 48
open, 28 , 227 , 228 , 235
state of, 45 , 45 – 50
System point, 200
Syst ́eme International d’Unites, ́ seeSI
Temperature
Boyle, 35
convergence, 172
critical, 205
equilibrium systems for fixed values, 42
ideal-gas, 40 , 115 , 166
international scale, 41
measurement of, 40 – 45
scales, 40 – 41
thermodynamic, 40 , 113 , 113 – 115 , 166 ,
470
upper consolute, 430
upper critical solution, 430
Thermal
analysis, 428
conductance, 171
energy, 62 , 495
reservoir, 50
Thermocouple, 45 , 456 n
Thermodynamic
equation of state, 166
equilibrium constant, 351
potential, 134
temperature, 40 , 113 , 113 – 115 , 166 ,
470
Thermometer
Beckmann, 44
constant-volume gas, 42
liquid-in-glass, 40 , 44
optical pyrometer, 45
quartz crystal, 45
resistance, 44
thermocouple, 45
Thermometry, gas, 42 – 44
Thermopile, 45 , 341 , 456 n
Third-law entropy, 151
Third law of thermodynamics, 120 , 149
Thompson, Benjamin, 62 , 63 b
Thomson, William, 104 , 114 b
Throttling process, 156