Antioxidants
Jun Dong and Cyril A. Migdal
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- 1.1 Introduction CONTENTS
- 1.2 Sulfur Compounds
- 1.3 Sulfur–Nitrogen Compounds
- 1.4 Phosphorus Compounds
- 1.5 Sulfur–Phosphorus Compounds
- 1.6 Amine and Phenol Derivatives ...............................................................................................
- 1.6.1 Amine Derivatives
- 1.6.2 Phenol Derivatives .......................................................................................................
- 1.6.3 Amine and Phenol-Bearing Compounds
- 1.6.4 Multifunctional Amine and Phenol Derivatives
- 1.7 Copper Antioxidants
- 1.8 Boron Antioxidants
- 1.9 Miscellaneous Organometallic Antioxidants
- 1.10 Mechanisms of Hydrocarbon Oxidation and Antioxidant Action
- 1.10.1 Autoxidation of Lubricating Oil
- 1.10.1.1 Initiation
- 1.10.1.2 Chain Propagation
- 1.10.1.3 Chain Branching
- 1.10.1.4 Chain Termination
- 1.10.2 Metal-Catalyzed Lubricant Degradation
- 1.10.2.1 Metal Catalysis
- 1.10.3 High-Temperature Lubricant Degradation
- 1.10.4 Effect of Base Stock Composition on Oxidative Stability
- 1.10.5 Oxidation Inhibition
- 1.10.6 Mechanisms of Primary Antioxidants
- 1.10.6.1 Hindered Phenolics
- 1.10.6.2 Aromatic Amines
- 1.10.7 Mechanisms of Secondary Antioxidants
- 1.10.7.1 Organosulfur Compounds
- 1.10.7.2 Organophosphorus Compounds
- 1.10.8 Antioxidant Synergism
- 1.10.1 Autoxidation of Lubricating Oil
- 1.11 Oxidation Bench Tests
- 1.11.1 Thin-Film Oxidation Test
- 1.11.1.1 Pressurized Differential Scanning Calorimetry
- (ASTM D 6335; D 7097) 1.11.1.2 Thermal-Oxidation Engine Oil Simulation Test
- 1.11.1.3 Thin-Film Oxidation Uptake Test (ASTM D 4742)
- 1.11.1.1 Pressurized Differential Scanning Calorimetry
- 1.11.1 Thin-Film Oxidation Test