Lubricant Additives

308 Lubricant Additives: Chemistry and Applications

the NDR brand name. DuPont and Dow Chemical Company formed a 50/50 joint venture in 1995,

merging their elastomer businesses. Shortly following the successful start-up of their metallocene

plant in Plaquemine, Louisiana, 2 years later, the Freeport facility was closed. Dow Chemical Com-

pany acquired control of the EPDM product line, marketed under the Nordel® IP trade name, in

2005. Bayer transferred its EPDM business to a new company named LANXESS in 2004. Although
      primarily a poly(alkylmethacrylate) company, Rohm GmbH of Darmstadt, Germany, developed
      several OCP-based viscosity modifi ers under the Viscoplex® trade name, currently owned and
      marketed by RohMax Additives, a Degussa company. In mid-2007, Crompton sold its EPDM
      business to Lion Copolymer.

10.6.3 READ ACROSS GUIDELINES

Various lubrication industry associations have published highly detailed guidelines [127–129]

for defi ning conditions under which certain additive and base oil changes to a fully or partially

qualifi ed engine oil formulation may be permitted without requiring complete engine testing data

to support the changes. The purpose of these standards is to minimize test costs while ensuring

that commercial engine oils meet the performance requirements established by industry standards,

certifi cation systems, and original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). From a viscosity modifi er

perspective, changes are often driven by one or more of the following needs:

1. To optimize viscometrics within a given viscosity grade


2. To improve the shear stability of the formulation


3. To interchange one polymer for another (cost, security of supply, customer choice)

There are similarities and differences among codes of practice adopted by the American Chemistry

Council (ACC) and the two European agencies, ATC (Technical Committee of Petroleum Additive

Manufacturers of Europe) and ATIEL (Technical Association of the European Lubricants Industry).

All permit minor changes in VM concentration (no more than 15% relative on a mass basis) to accom-

plish the fi rst need mentioned earlier. The European codes explicitly allow the interchange of one VM

for another (if both are from the same supplier) if the VM supplier deems them to be “equivalent and

interchangeable.” VMs from different suppliers, or those from the same supplier that are not judged to

be “equivalent,” must undergo a rigorous engine testing program such as that outlined in Table 10.16.

TABLE 10.15

Marketers of E/P Copolymers and EPDM Terpolymers as Engine Lubricating Oil Viscosity

Modifi ers

Company Headquarters Trade Name Product Classes Product Form

Afton Richmond, Virginia Hitec 5700 series NDOCP, DOCP, DAOCP Liquid concentrates

Chevron Oronite Richmond, California Paratone NDOCP, DOCP Pellet, bales, and

liquid concentrates

Dow Chemical Midland, Michigan Nordel IP NDOCP Bales and pellets

Infi neum Linden, New Jersey Infi neum V8000 series NDOCP Pellets and liquid

concentrates

Lubrizol Wickliffe, Ohio Lubrizol 7000 series NDOCP, DOCP Bales and liquid

concentrates

RohMax

(Degussa AG)

Darmstadt, Germany Viscoplex NDOCP, mixed PMA/OCP Liquid concentrates

Note: DAOCP = olefi n copolymer with dispersant and antioxidant functionality; DOCP = dispersant-functionalized olefi n

copolymer; NDOCP = nonfunctionalized olefi n copolymer; PMA = poly(alkyl methacrylate).

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