Lubricant Additives

310 Lubricant Additives: Chemistry and Applications

TABLE 10.17

CAS Index of EP and EPDM Copolymers

EP/EPDM CAS Index

EP 9010-79-1

EPDM (ENB termonomer) 25038-36-2

EPDM (DCPD termonomer) 25034-71-3

EPDM (1,4-hexadiene termonomer) 25038-37-3

The ACC guidelines impose two levels of data needed to support viscosity modifi er interchange.

Level 1 support is defi ned as analytical and rheological test data. Level 2 support includes both

level 1 data and full-length valid ASTM engine tests, intended to demonstrate that the proposed

VM interchange presents no harm in terms of lubricant performance. There are three categories of

engine tests that can be used to satisfy the ACC level 2 criterion: (1) statistically designed engine

test matrices, (2) complete programs, or (3) partial data sets from the same technology family. This

broad defi nition of additive interchange testing is more open for interpretation than the ATIEL

guidelines as represented in Table 10.16. Minor formulation modifi cations needing only level 1 data

do not permit changes in VM type, defi ned as polymers of a “specifi c molecular architecture with

a specifi c shear stability characterized by a specifi c trade name, stock or code number.” When a

change in shear stability is required, level 2 support is suffi cient for polymers of the same chemical

family (e.g., OCPs) and from the same manufacturer. Otherwise, a full engine testing program is

needed. The ACC guidelines also specify that if a dispersant viscosity modifi er (DVM) is used in

a core multigrade formulation, the additional dispersant needed to read across to a monograde or

other multigrades with lower VM concentration requires a Sequence VG test and level 2 support in

other tests.

10.6.4 SAFETY AND HEALTH

E/P copolymers as well as EPDMs are classifi ed as “nonhazardous” substances by OSHA (1910.1200)

and the European Economic Community (EEC). They are generally considered to be not acutely

toxic, similar to other high-molecular-weight polymers. Material that is heated to the molten state can

emit fumes, which can be harmful and irritating to the eyes, skin, mucous membranes, and respiratory

tract, especially copolymers containing nonconjugated diene termonomers. Proper ventilation and

respiratory protection are recommended when handling EP and EPDM copolymers under these con-

ditions. Appropriate personal protective equipment is also advised to guard against thermal burns.

EP/EPDM grades are indexed by the Chemical Abstract Service in Table 10.17.

REFERENCES

1. Spiess, G.T., J.E. Johnston and G. VerStrate, “Ethylene Propylene Copolymers as Lube Oil Viscosity
   Modifi ers,” Addit. Schmierst. Arbeitsfl uessigkeiten, Int. Kolloq., 5th, 2, 8.10-1, W.J. Bartz, ed., Tech.
   Akad. Esslingen, Ostfi ldern, Fed. Rep. Germany, 1986.


2. Marsden, K., “Literature Review of OCP Viscosity Modifi ers,” Lubr. Sci., 1(3), 265, 1989.


3. Ver Strate, G. and M.J. Struglinski, “Polymers as Lubricating-Oil Viscosity Modifi ers,” in Polymers
   as Rheology Modifi ers, D.N. Schulz and J.E. Glass, eds., ACS Symp. Ser., 462, 256, Am. Chem. Soc.,
   Washington, DC, 1991.


4. Boor, J., Jr., Ziegler-Natta Catalysts and Polymerizations, Academic Press, New York, 1979.


5. Crespi, G., A. Valvassori and U. Flisi, “Olefi n Copolymers,” in Stereo Rubbers, W.M. Saltman, ed.,
   Wiley-Interscience, New York, NY, pp. 365–431, 1977.


6. Brandrup, J. and E.H. Immergut, eds., Polymer Handbook, 2nd Ed., Wiley , New York, p. II-193, 1975.


7. May, C.J., E. De Paz, F.N. Gixshick, K.O. Henderson, R.B. Rhodes, S. Iseregounis, and L. Ying, “Cold
   Starting and Pumpability Studies in Modern Engines,” ASTM Res. Report RR-DO2-1442, 1999.

CRC_59645_Ch010.indd 310CRC_59645_Ch010.indd 310 12/6/2008 10:10:19 AM12/6/2008 10:10:19 AM