Lubricant Additives

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314 Lubricant Additives: Chemistry and Applications


  1. Rossi, A., “ Refi nery/Additive Technologies and Low Temperature Pumpability,” Soc. Automot. Eng.
    Tech. Paper Ser. No. 881665, 1988.

  2. Mac Alpine, G.A. and C.J. May, “Compositional Effects on the Low Temperature Pumpability of Engine
    Oils,” Soc. Automot. Eng. Tech. Paper Ser. No. 870404, 1987.

  3. Reddy, S.R. and M.L. McMillan, “Understanding the Effectiveness of Diesel Fuel Flow Improvers,”
    Soc. Automot. Eng. Tech. Paper Ser. No., 1981.

  4. Xiong, C-X, “The Structure and Activity of Polyalphaolefi ns as Pour-Point Depressants,” Lubr. Eng.,
    49(3), 196 –200, 1993.

  5. Rubin, I.D., M.K. Mishra and R.D. Pugliese, “Pouir Point and Flow Improvement in Lubes: The Interaction
    of Waxes and Methacrylate Polymers,” Soc. Automot. Eng. Tech. Paper Ser. No. 912409, 1991.

  6. Webber, R.M., “Low Temperature Rheology of Lubricating Mineral Oils: Effects of Cooling Rate and
    Wax Crystallization on Flow Properties of Base Oils,” J. Rheol., 43(4), 911–931, 1999.

  7. Kleiser, W.M, H.M Walker and J.A. Rutherford, “Determination of Lubricating Oil Additive Effects in
    Taxicab Service,” Soc. Automot. Eng. Tech. Paper Ser. No. 912386, 1991.

  8. Carroll, D.R. and R. Robson, “Engine Dynamometer Evaluation of Oil Formulation Factors for Improved
    Field Sludge Protection,” Soc. Automot. Engr. Tech. Paper Ser. No. 872124, 1987.

  9. R.J. Chang and M. Yoneyama, “CEH Marketing Research Report, Ethylene-Propylene Elastomers,”
    525.2600, Chemical Economics Handbook—SRI Consulting, Mento Park, California, January 2006.

  10. Petroleum Additives Product Approval Code of Practice, American Chemistry Council, Appendix I,
    Arlington, Virginia, April 2005.

  11. ATC Code of Practice, Technical Committee of Petroleum Additive Manufacturers in Europe, Section H,
    Brussels, Belgium, October 2006.
    129 Code of Practice for Developing Engine Oils Meeting the Requirements of the ACEA Oil Sequences,
    ATIEL, Technical Association of the European Lubricants Industry, Issue No. 13, Appendix C, Brussels,
    Belgium, November 28, 2005.

  12. U.S. Patent 4169063, 1979.

  13. U.S. Patent 4132661, 1979.


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