Campos 259Craig Calhoun (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999), 307.
9.ancy Fraser, “Rethinking the Public Sphere: A Contribution to the N
Critique of Actually Existing Democracy,” in Habermas and the Public
Sphere, 123, 126.
10.arold Mah, “Phantasies of the Public Sphere: Rethinking the Habermas of H
Historians,” Journal of Modern History 72 (March 2000).
- Craig Calhoun, “Introduction,” in Habermas and the Public Sphere, 38.
12.ee Mustafa Emirbayer and Mimi Sheller, “Publics in History,” S Theory and
Society 28 (1999): 156.
13.ere I mean communal to signify local groups, which often perceived their H
boundaries to be static and fixed, whether religious, ethnic or territorial.
14.ollowing James A. Reilly, “Elites, Notables and Social Networks of F
Eighteenth-Century Hama,” in Islamic Urbanism in Human History:
Political Power and Social Networks, edited by Sato Tsugitaka (London and
New York: Keagan Paul International, 1997), 220.
15.ere Ottomanist refers to the adoption of the ideology of Ottomanism, H
whereas Ottomanizing refers to the proselytizing tendencies of the press to
bring readers on board the imperial project.
16.artha Chatterjee, P The Nation and Its Fragments: Colonial and Postcolonial
Histories (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993), 221–223.
17.ee Khalidi, S Palestinian Identity; Brummett, Image and Imperialism in
the Ottoman Revolutionary Press; Frierson, “Unimagined Communities”;
Ariel Salzmann, “Citizens in Search of a State: The Limits of Political
Participation in the Late Ottoman Empire,” in Extending Citizenship,
Reconfiguring States, edited by Michael Hanagan and Charles Tilly
(Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 1999); and Jens Hanssen, Fin de
Siècle Beirut: The Making of an Ottoman Provincial Capital (Oxford, UK:
Oxford University Press, 2006). - El Paradizo, 2 April 1909.
- Ha-Herut, 12 July 1909.
- See Khalidi, Palestinian Identity.
21.eferring to the rule of sultan Abdülhamit R. II (1876–1909), which began
with the shutting down of the first Ottoman parliament and the abrogation
of the Ottoman constitution in 1876–1878 and was popularly characterized
as a period of “tyranny” [istibdād].
22.ver two hundred new publications appeared in Istanbul in the year after O