The Language of Argument

6 9

A n E x t e n d e d E x a m p l e

mathematical monstrosity

an absurdity

There is also a dash of irony in the remark that five times three might total

the same as three times five everywhere else in the world, but not in figuring

clerk hire in the House. Remember, there is nothing wrong with using nega-

tive evaluative and expressive terms if they are deserved. Looking at the

nine-step formula in Kyl’s speech, you can decide for yourself whether he is

on strong grounds in using this negative language.

Now, Mr. Speaker, I have planned to introduce an amend-

ment or a substitute which would grant additional clerk hire

where there is a demonstrable need based on heavier than

average population or “election at large” and possible other

factors.

a. This passage discounts any suggestion that Kyl is unaware that a genu-

ine problem does exist in some districts. It also indicates that he is willing to

do something about it.

b. The phrase “and possible other factors” is not very important, but it

seems to be included to anticipate other reasons for clerk hire that should at

least be considered.

But after becoming involved in this mathematical maze I

realize the folly of proceeding one step until we have cor-

rected this situation.

a. Here Kyl clearly states his reason for saying that the measure is un-

timely. Notice that the reason offered has been well documented and is not

hedged in by qualifications.

b. The phrases “mathematical maze” and “folly” are again negatively

evaluative.

We can offer all kinds of excuses for avoiding a solution.

We cannot offer reasonable arguments that it should not be

done or that it cannot be done.

Notice that the first sentence ridicules the opponents’ arguments by calling

them excuses, a term with negative connotations. The second sentence gives

assurances that such a solution can be found.

Someone has suggested that the Members of this great body

prefer to keep the present program because someone back

in the home district might object to the gross figures. I know

this is not so. When a Representative is busy on minimum

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