Iran (Niaz Kasravi) .................................................................................................................. 272
Mashriq Arab States (Isis Nusair) ............................................................................................ 273
North Africa (Lilia Labidi) ...................................................................................................... 275
Sudan (Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban) .............................................................................................. 277
Sub-Saharan Africa (Christina Jones-Pauly) ............................................................................ 279
Turkey (Murat Çemrek) .......................................................................................................... 281Identity Politics
Central Asia (Colette Harris) .................................................................................................. 283
Iran and Afghanistan (Fakhri Haghani) .................................................................................. 284
South Asia (Amrita Chhachhi) ................................................................................................ 286
Turkey (Katherine Pratt Ewing) .............................................................................................. 289
The United States (Katherine Bullock) .................................................................................... 291
Western Europe (Nadia Fadil) .................................................................................................. 293
Infanticide and Abandonment of Female Children
Overview (Nancy Gallagher) .................................................................................................. 296
Inheritance: Contemporary Practice
Arab States (Annelies Moors) .................................................................................................. 299
Iran and Afghanistan (Erika Loeffler Friedl) ............................................................................ 302
South Asia (Tazeen Mahnaz Murshid) .................................................................................... 303
International Conventions
Overview (Adrien Katherine Wing) .......................................................................................... 306
International Organizations
Overview (Manzurul Mannan) ................................................................................................ 311Jewish Women
Overview (Rachel Simon) ........................................................................................................ 315
Jihad
Arab States (Lori A. Allen) ...................................................................................................... 319
East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Australia (Muhamad Ali) ........................................................ 321
Iran and Afghanistan (Azadeh Kian-Thiébaut) ........................................................................ 325
South Asia (Michel Boivin) ...................................................................................................... 326
Sub-Saharan Africa: West Africa (Jean Boyd) .......................................................................... 327Kinship, Descent Systems
Sahelian West Africa and North Central Africa (Chad/Sudan) (Mirjam de Bruijn) .................. 330
East Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia, and the Pacific (Mina Elfira) .......................................... 331
Kinship, Descent Systems and State
Afghanistan (Senzil Nawid) .................................................................................................... 335
The Caucasus (Ingrid Pfluger-Schindlbeck) .............................................................................. 336
South Asia (Aparna Rao) ........................................................................................................ 338
Kinship, Idiomatic
Iran (Erika Loeffler Friedl) ...................................................................................................... 345
Kinship and State
Arab States (Diane E. King) .................................................................................................... 347
Ottoman (Kim Shively) ............................................................................................................ 349
Southeast Asia, East Asia, Australia, and the Pacific (Maila Stivens) ........................................ 351
Kinship: Milk
Overview (Avner Giladi) .......................................................................................................... 355
Kurdish Women
Overview (Shahrzad Mojab) .................................................................................................... 358Law: Access to the Legal System
Afghanistan (Nasrine Gross) .................................................................................................. 367
Arab States (Anna Würth) ...................................................................................................... 367viii contents