URBAN HEAT ISLANDS ■ 189
London hot nights (>17°C)
number of hot nights
1971–90
2041–60
100 80 60 40 20 0
London hot days (>29°C)
number of hot days
2041–60
1971–90
80 60 40 20 0
Moscow hot nights (>20°C)
number of hot nights
100 80 60 40 20 0
1971–90
2041–60
Moscow hot days (>32°C)
number of hot days
1971–90
80 60 40 20 0
2041–60
Athens hot nights (>28°C)
number of hot nights
1971–90
2041–60
100 80 60 40 20 0
Cairo hot nights (>24°C)
number of hot nights
1971–90
100 80 60 40 20 0
2041–60
Cairo hot days (>43°C)
number of hot days
80 60 40 20 0
1971–90
2041–60
Athens hot days (>40°C)
number of hot days
2041–60
1971–90
80 60 40 20 0
Source:
Authors.
Note:
A hot day or night is defi ned as the 95th percentile of the
Tmax
or
Tmin
urban temperatures for that city from run (a); see table 7.1. Each panel shows the average
number of times that the 9
5th percentile temperature is exceeded for the periods 1971–90 and 2041–60, for rural areas (white), urban (black), urban +15/2
5 W m
−2 heat
release (gray), and urban +45/75 W m
−2 heat release (pattern). For the period 1971–90, the rural and urban data were calculated from run (b), and the urban +15 W m
−2^
data from run (c). For 2041–60, the rural and urban data were calculated from run (e), the urban +15 W m
−2 from run (f), and the urban + 45W m
−2 from run (g).
Figure 7.6 Occurrence of Extreme Temperatures During the Day and Night for Athens, Cairo, London, and Moscow during Summer (June, July, and August)