World Bank Document

220 ■ CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE

TABLE 8.7,

continued

City

Opportunities

Constraints

Santiago

• Increasing (local) research awareness• Incorporation into (national) political discourse• Engagement within regional planning instruments


• 
  

Limited regional executive decision authority

Low awareness and communication

• Nonurban bias in national adaptation

São Paulo

• Leadership (mayor)•

Attach the issue of adaptation to “prominent” and cross-cutting problems (transportation, project “Parques Lineares”)

Adaptation is not a priority in relation to mitigation

National and regional levels not perceived as meaningful support for adaptation agenda, national level too concerned with international negotiations than with “local” concerns

Distribution of competences between municipality, state of São Paulo and national government

• Lack of scientifi c knowledge on vulnerability•

Lack of understanding of concept of adaptation and the potential to solve “other” priorities

• Lack of knowledge on economic implications (action, inaction)•

Confl ict of interests (political leaders at local, regional, and national levels belong to different parties)

• Short-term “project” orientation• General: lack of enforcement•

Awareness (problems seen not related to climate change, and climate change not related to personal consumption patterns)

Singapore

• Technology development• “Tradition” of foresight planning

Source:

Authors’ compilation.

Note:

CDM = Clean Development Mechanism;

JNNURM = Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission; NGO = nongovernmental organization;

SLR = Sea-level rise.