World Bank Document

228 ■ CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE

TABLE 9.1 Summary of Selected Approaches to Climate Change AdaptationName of approach

Period of development

Key objectives and current emphasis

Examples of institutions using the approach

Origin

Focus on assets

DRR/DRM

1980s

Reduction of underlying factors of risk, intensity and/or frequency of disaster occurrence in the predisaster and postdisaster context (development, relief, and response) including climate-related and non–climate-related disasters. Current emphasis is on the integration of DRR into sustainable development through a management perspective.

Tearfund, Environment, Climate Change and Bio-energy Division of FAO, GTZ, IDS, SIDA, DFID, and others

DRM (emergency/relief organizations, social scientists)

In the context of strengthening capacities and resilience of households, communities’ and institutions’ assets are a major theme

CRM

1990s/2000s

Reduction of vulnerability to climate risk by maximizing positive and minimizing negative outcomes caused by climate change with the fi nal aim to promote sustainable development.

IDS, Energy for Sustainable Development Africa, UN Secretariat of ISDR, ADPC

Climate change adaptation community/DRM

Due to its orientation toward community adaptation and institutional capacity building, assets are addressed