230 ■ CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
TABLE 9.1,
continued
Name of approach
Period of development
Key objectives and current emphasis
Examples of institutions using the approach
Origin
Focus on assets
Community-based adaptation
2007 (adapted from poverty-focused programs of 1990s)
Support of knowledge and coping strategies of individuals and communities to reduce vulnerabilities to climate risk, based on individual and community knowledge of climate variability.
IDS, Eldis, ACTS, ADPC, IISD, IIED, Practical Action
DRM/climate change adaptation (infl uenced by development experts such as Robert Chambers)
Assets form a central theme due to the bottom-up approach emphasizing people’s capabilities and abilities
Asset-based vulnerability and adaptation
2008 (building on asset vulnerability of 1990s)
Analysis of asset vulnerability and asset adaptation relating to the erosion and/or protection of human, social, physical, and fi nancial assets at individual, household, and community levels for resilience, predisaster damage limitation, immediate postdisaster response, and rebuilding.
Global Urban Research Centre, IIED
Asset vulnerability and asset accumulation framework, climate change adaptation
Assets main basis of focus at different levels including role of external institutions such as municipalities, NGOs, and private sector
Source:
Adapted from Simatele 2009.
Note:
ACTS = African City for Technology; ADPC = Asian Disaster Preparedness Center; CRM = community risk management ; DFID = Departm
ent for International
Development (U.K.); DRM = disaster risk management; DRR = disaster risk reduction; FAO = Food and Agriculture Organization; GHG
= greenhouse gas; GTZ = German
Agency for Technical Cooperation; IDS = Institute of Development Strategies; IIED = International Institute for Environment and
Development; IISD = International Institute
for Sustainable Development; ISDR = International Strategy for Disaster Reduction; NGO = nongovernmental organization; SIDA = S
wedish International Development
Cooperation Authority; TCPA = Town and Country Planning Association.