World Bank Document

230 ■ CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE

TABLE 9.1,

continued

Name of approach

Period of development

Key objectives and current emphasis

Examples of institutions using the approach

Origin

Focus on assets

Community-based adaptation

2007 (adapted from poverty-focused programs of 1990s)

Support of knowledge and coping strategies of individuals and communities to reduce vulnerabilities to climate risk, based on individual and community knowledge of climate variability.

IDS, Eldis, ACTS, ADPC, IISD, IIED, Practical Action

DRM/climate change adaptation (infl uenced by development experts such as Robert Chambers)

Assets form a central theme due to the bottom-up approach emphasizing people’s capabilities and abilities

Asset-based vulnerability and adaptation

2008 (building on asset vulnerability of 1990s)

Analysis of asset vulnerability and asset adaptation relating to the erosion and/or protection of human, social, physical, and fi nancial assets at individual, household, and community levels for resilience, predisaster damage limitation, immediate postdisaster response, and rebuilding.

Global Urban Research Centre, IIED

Asset vulnerability and asset accumulation framework, climate change adaptation

Assets main basis of focus at different levels including role of external institutions such as municipalities, NGOs, and private sector

Source:

Adapted from Simatele 2009.

Note:

ACTS = African City for Technology; ADPC = Asian Disaster Preparedness Center; CRM = community risk management ; DFID = Departm

ent for International

Development (U.K.); DRM = disaster risk management; DRR = disaster risk reduction; FAO = Food and Agriculture Organization; GHG

= greenhouse gas; GTZ = German

Agency for Technical Cooperation; IDS = Institute of Development Strategies; IIED = International Institute for Environment and

Development; IISD = International Institute

for Sustainable Development; ISDR = International Strategy for Disaster Reduction; NGO = nongovernmental organization; SIDA = S

wedish International Development

Cooperation Authority; TCPA = Town and Country Planning Association.