Music Listening, Music Therapy, Phenomenology and Neuroscience

Appendix 3.04 Survey of

The Neurosciences and Music I

V

Conference 2011

Learning and Memory

Symposium 2:

IMPACT OF MUSICAL EXPERIENCE ON CEREBRAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING

(12

-15)

Title, Category

Aim

Mus. Material, Cultural Ref.

Technology & Procedure

Main focus of interest

Conclusion

12. Nina Kraus, Dana Strait, A. Parbery-Clark Musical training shapes functional brain networks for selective

auditory attention

and hearing speech in noise

Cat. 6: Language

Cat. 13: Attention

13. Daniele Schön
    Music training for the development of speech segmentation
    Cat. 6: Language
    Cat. 10: Training
    14. Martin Meyer
    Brain responses to rapidly changing aco

ustic

modulations in spoken language vary as a function of musical expertise

Cat. 6: Language

Cat. 8

: Musicians

15. Aniruddh Patel
    Presented by M. Oechslin
    Why would musical training benefit the neural encoding of speech?

The OPERA

hypothesis

Cat. 6: Lan

guage

Cat. 10: Training

To investigate the ability

of the nervous system to lock on to patterns in a target signal (i.e., the characteristics of a

speaker’s voice

;

statistical regularities) and suppress competing noise We compared learning based on speech sequences to learning based on sung sequences.

Then we studied how linguistic and musical information are learned using a sung material

To determine to what extent musical expertise leads to altered neural mechanisms underlying the perception of rapidly changing temporal information available in the auditory speech signal, such as the voice onset time in stop consonants

Evidence suggests that musical training benefits the neural encoding of speech. This presentation offers a hypothes

is specifying why

,

and under what circu

m-

stances, such benefits occur

Coupling behavioral

methods

to EEG recordings and compar

ing musicians with

nonmusicians

Event

-related brain potential

study: Native speakers of German, musicians and non

• 
  

musicians, we

re presented

with voiced and unvoiced CV syllables as well as with non

• 
  

speech noise analogues

Brain networks associated with auditory attention and working

memory sharpen the

neural encoding of a target

signal, highlight patterns, suppress competing

sound

s

and

enhance perceptual

performance

Adults and infants can use the statistical properties of syllable sequences to extract words from continuous speech. Moreover, such a statistical learning ability can also operate with non

• 
  

linguistic stimuli such as to

nes

Proficient musicians transfer their auditory skills to the language domain, in particular when supra

• segmental

modulations are

decoded. Do

transfer effects also occur at the subsyllabic

segmental

level?

The “OPERA” hypothesis

proposes that such benefits are driven by adaptive plasticity in speech

• 
  

processing networks, and that this plasticity occurs when five conditions are met

We provide evidence that sustained musical

experience confers cognitive, perceptual and biological advantages that undergird the hearing and neural encoding of speech in

background

noise throughout the life span

1)

Performance is better with

sung compar

ed to spoken

material. 2) U

sing sung

material, the linguistic

struc

ture is better learned

than the musical structure. Musi

cal expertise facilitates

learning of both li

nguistic and

musical structures

Strong evidence that musical expertise facilitates the processing of sub

-segmental

cues in the speech signal by altering the functional organizati

on of the human

auditory system

The five conditions are:

1)

Overlap in brain networks

2)

Precision of processing

3)

Emotion elicited by music

4)

Repetition

5)

Attention