Forensic Dentistry, Second Edition

age estimation from oral and dental structures 277

He simplified the system further, so dental age can be estimated from just four
mandibular teeth with little loss of accuracy.^89 Of note, Haavikko et al. had
developed similarly simplified versions a few years earlier.^70 The Demirjian
methods require that all of the required tooth types be scored, so missing
data create a problem. Nystrom et al. provide prediction models for missing
teeth based on Finnish children.^90

Table 13.7 Age at Attainment of Stages of Crown-Root Formation for the

Permanent Mandibular Buccal Teeth

Grade

C P1 P2 M1 M2 M3

x SD x SD x SD x SD x SD x SD

Girls

C i 0.5 0.12 1.7 0.24 2.9 0.35 0.1 0.05 3.5 0.41 9.6 1.00

C co 0.7 0.15 2.2 0.28 3.5 0.40 0.2 0.09 3.8 0.43 10.1 1.05

C oc 1.2 0.18 2.9 0.35 4.1 0.47 0.7 0.14 4.3 0.49 10.7 1.11

Cr 1/2 1.9 0.25 3.5 0.41 4.7 0.53 1.0 0.17 4.8 0.54 11.3 1.17

Cr 3/4 2.9 0.35 4.2 0.49 5.3 0.59 1.4 0.20 5.4 0.59 11.7 1.20

Cr c 3.9 0.45 5.0 0.56 6.2 0.66 2.2 0.28 6.2 0.68 12.3 1.27

R i 4.7 0.52 5.7 0.63 6.7 0.73 2.6 0.32 7.0 0.75 12.9 1.32

R cl • • • • • 3.5 0.41 7.8 0.83 13.5 1.39

R 1/4 5.3 0.57 6.5 0.69 7.5 0.79 4.6 0.52 9.1 0.96 14.9 1.53

R 1/2 7.1 0.75 8.1 0.86 8.7 0.92 5.1 0.57 9.8 1.01 15.8 1.62

R 3/4 8.3 0.88 8.8 0.97 10.0 1.05 5.5 0.60 10.5 1.09 16.4 1.67

R c 8.8 0.93 9.9 1.03 10.6 1.12 5.9 0.63 11.0 1.13 17.0 1.71

A 1/2 9.9 1.03 11.0 1.15 12.0 1.24 6.5 0.71 12.0 1.23 18.0 1.82

A c 11.3 1.18 12.1 1.26 13.6 1.40 8.0 0.85 13.8 1.43 20.1 2.01

Boys

C i 0.5 0.11 1.8 0.24 3.0 0.37 0.0 0.09 3.7 0.42 9.2 0.98

C co 0.8 0.15 2.3 0.31 3.5 0.42 0.2 0.11 4.0 0.44 9.7 1.01

C oc 1.2 0.19 2.9 0.36 4.2 0.48 0.5 0.11 4.8 0.52 10.3 1.07

Cr 1/2 2.1 0.27 3.6 0.43 4.7 0.53 1.0 0.17 5.1 0.56 10.9 1.14

Cr 3/4 2.9 0.35 4.4 0.52 5.3 0.59 1.5 0.21 5.7 0.61 11.6 1.20

Cr c 4.0 0.46 5.2 0.58 6.2 0.69 2.1 0.29 6.5 0.69 12.0 1.24

R i 4.8 0.55 5.8 0.64 6.9 0.74 2.7 0.34 7.1 0.76 12.7 1.32

R cl • • • • • • 3.5 0.41 8.1 0.84 13.6 1.41

R 1/4 5.7 0.63 6.8 0.74 7.8 0.83 4.7 0.53 9.3 0.98 14.6 1.50

R 1/2 8.0 0.86 8.5 0.91 9.4 0.99 5.1 0.57 10.1 1.04 15.1 1.54

R 3/4 9.6 1.00 9.9 1.04 10.8 1.13 5.4 0.61 10.8 1.12 15.9 1.62

R c 10.2 1.06 10.3 1.09 11.5 1.21 5.8 0.64 11.3 1.16 16.3 1.67

A 1/2 11.8 1.23 11.9 1.24 12.7 1.30 6.9 0.75 12.2 1.25 17.6 1.79

A c 13.0 1.35 13.3 1.38 14.2 1.46 8.5 0.91 14.2 1.46 19.2 1.95