430 index
film-based, 214–215
fluorescent imaging, 219–222
focus shift, 226–229
infrared, 226, 232–234
injured skin properties and, 207–211
management of evidence from, 237, 241
nonvisible light, 222–226
properties of illumination, 205–206
absorption, 205
fluorescence, 205
reflection, 205
transmission, 205
reflective long-wave ultraviolet, 229–232
spectrum of light, 204, 205
standard techniques, 211
types and techniques, 211–212
ultra light, 226, 229–232
visible light in, 212–213
Forensic dental radiography, 187–201
biological effects, 192–194
equipment, 196–198 (See also Cone
beam computed tomography
(CBC T))
film image processing, 191–192
intraoral techniques, 192
radiation protection, 194–196
handheld X-ray devices and, 196
maximum permissible dose for,
194–195
personnel monitoring for, 195–196
radiographic image and image receptors,
189–191
X-ray generators, 188–189
Forensic dentist(s)
civil litigation and, 385–388
as defendants, 388
as expert witness defendants, 390
as expert witnesses, 388
as fact witnesses, 388
malpractice, 381, 386, 388–389
personal injury litigation, 389–390
Forensic dentistry
certifying organizations and
certification, 407–409
dry fingered, 25
forensic identification and, 4–8
history, 12–23
legal issues in, 384–392
case law, 390–392
civil litigation, 385–388
expert witnesses, 384–385
personal care litigation, 389–390
standard of care litigation, 388–389
research and technology, 406–407
Forensic identification
forensic dentistry and, 4–8
in history, 12–23
steps in, 2–3
Forensic Index, 126–127
Forensic Information System for
Handwriting, 125–126
Forensic investigation requirement, 3
Forensic odontology, 104, 352, 353, 404
bitemark testimony and, 308
Bundy case and, 314
contributions to, 175
education programs in, 331, 363
egocentricity and, 358–359
experts, 320
Gustafson method, 281
imaging, 180
research in age estimation, 293
scope, 25–30
U. S. federal and state court cases in,
411– 421
Forensic pathologist, 41
Forensic pathology, 40
criteria for assessment, 57
as medical subspecialty, 41
Forensic science, law vs., 1–2
Forensic Specialties Accreditation Board
(FSAB), 407
Fox v. State, 414
Franks v. State, 417
Freeman v. State, 415
Friction ridge skin, 83–84
bifurcations, 84
comparison and identification of
impressions of, 86–89
detail and structure, 84
dividing ridges, 84
ending ridges, 84
individuality, 88–89
inspecting and cleansing, 90
methodology in examination of, 86–87
analysis, 86
comparison, 86–87
evaluation, 87
exclusion, 87
individualization, 87
verification, 87
persistency, 89
reconditioning compromised, 90–94