wikis 202, 203, 206, 214–15
commands in Total Physical Response method 105–7, 111–12
Common European Framework (CEFR) 5
communicative approaches:
generally 220
communicative focus of Community Language Learning 94
Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) 115–30
Content-based Instruction 131–47
Participatory Approach 170–80, 221
Task-based Instruction 149–63
communicative competence versus linguistic competence:
Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) 115
Direct Method 25–34
not a goal of Grammar-Translation method 18
communities of practice xii
communities, virtual 200
Community Language Learning 5, 85–102, 220
competency-based instruction 132
composition 22
comprehensible input, and the Natural Approach 103
comprehension:
Comprehension Approach 103
Grammar-Translation method 21, 26–7
Computer-assisted Language Learning (CALL) 200, 211
computers, see technology, use of
concordances 199, 204–6
conditioning 35
confidence, importance of teacher’s 76
constructivism 151
Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) 133
Content-based Instruction 131–47
contrastive analysis techniques 40–1, 44
conversation practice: