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NOTES
1 Much managerial prestige in France is associated with graduating from one
of the grandes écoles. Further formal managerial development later in one’s
career may be considered with suspicion in the sense that it can never replace
a grandes écolesqualification. Nonetheless, the French attach much impor-
tance to education in general and organisations tend to spend above
European average amounts on further training and developing their employ-
ees and managers (see Figure 7.5).
HRM in Europe 193