interrupted. He would publish some information in hisHistory of Javaof
1817, a book he wrote emulating Marsden’s example of decades before. He
neverWnished his plannedAccount of the Antiquities of Java(Barley 1999;
Soekmono 1976: 5).
The Treaty of Vienna (1815) returned the Indies to the Dutch. The Dutch
Commissary-General who replaced RaZes, Godert Alexander baron van der
Capellen (1778–1848), also had some interest in antiquities as shown by his
earlier involvement in various learned societies in Holland. During his period
in Java he issued a decree in 1822 by which a committee was appointed to
search for Java’s antiquities, with the proviso that all those found would be
sent to the society’s museum. However, not much was done (Soekmono 1969:
94). He also assisted the societyWnancially, but this only lasted until he left the
post in 1826 (Djojonegoro 1998: 19). During the following years the Java War
of 1825–30 strained Dutch resources and impeded any developments in the
cultural life of the colony. After this, the new Governor-General (1833–6)
instructed oYcials throughout the archipelago to look for antiquities and
transfer them to the society’s museum (ibid. 22). The formation of a narrative
on the inhabitants of the land, both past and present, held such prestige that
some rooms at the ‘Harmonie’ (the Government building) were given over to
the display of part of the archaeological and ethnological collections, and the
society received some oYcial funding once more (ibid. 24). Initiatives did not
only come from the government, but also from private individuals. At this
time, in 1834–5 and again in 1842, a certain C. L. Hartmann, a resident of
Kedu, undertook some further clearance (excavation) in Borobudur, but
nothing was published.
The institutionalization of colonial knowledge was consolidated in the
decades around the mid nineteenth century. The Batavian SocietyXourished
again under Wolter Robert baron van Hoe ̈vell (1812–79), a clergyman who
became president of the society. Under his direction the society reached
almost one hundred members from the colony and about thirty-eight from
elsewhere (ibid. 23). He also founded the Journal of The Netherlands Indies
(Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indie ̈). The institutionalization was further
reinforced in 1851, when the ethnographer Pieter J. Veth became a founding
member of the Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (Royal
Institute for Linguistics and Anthropology), which published a journal, the
Tijdschrift voor Indische taal- land- en volkenkunde(the Journal of Languages
and Ethnography of the Indies), from 1853. In 1854 Veth then co-founded
the Indisch Genootschap (Indies Society), a political debating club (van der
Velde n.d.).
Hoe ̈vell had arrived in Indonesia in 1836, at a time when many other Dutch
intellectuals landed in Java. This diaspora of Dutch newcomers brought
218 Colonial Archaeology