Details of some of these festivals are given in Marriott, “Little Communities,”
192–206. The social organization of Kishan Garhi is described more fully in McKim
Marriott, “Social Structure and Change in a U.P. Village,” in India’s Villages, ed. M. N.
Srinivas (Bombay: Asia Publishing House, 1960), 106–21.
Frederic Salmon Growse, Mathurá: A District Memoir, 2d ed. (Allahabad:
North-western Provinces and Oudh Government Press, 1880), 72, 93, 183–84.
Ibid., 178–221; John Nicol Farquhar, An Outline of the Religious Literature of
India (London: Oxford University Press, 1920), 238–40.
Growse, Mathurá,71–94.
Women beat men at or near the time of Holiamong the Gonds of Mandla Dis-
trict, according to Verrier Elwin, Leaves from the Jungle (London: J. Murray, 1936), 135;
in Nimar, according to Stephen Fuchs, The Children of Hari (New York: Praeger, 1950),
300–301; and elsewhere in Madhya Pradesh, according to Robert Vane Russell and Hira
Lai, The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India (London: Macmillan, 1916),
2: 126, 3: 117. The usage is reported also from Alwar in Rajasthan by Wernher, Land and
Well, 208, and from Delhi by Lewis and Barnouw, Village Life, 232.
On Krishna’s birthday anniversary, biographies of his life by poets of Mathura
are read. At the Gobardhan Divali, the circumambulation of the hill by the pilgrims is
duplicated in model; see Marriott, “Little Communities,” 199–200.
See Crooke, Popular Religion and Folk-Lore, 2: 313–14; and Rgvedi [pseud.],
AryancaSanancaPracina va Arvacina Itihasa (in Marathi) (Bombay, n.d.), 399.
Growse, Mathurá,103.
R. Redfield and M. Singer, “The Cultural Role of Cities,” Economic Develop-
ment and Cultural Change3 (1954): 53–74.
Crooke, Popular Religion and Folk-Lore, 2: 313–14, 319–20; Kane, History of
Dharmafastra, 5: 237–40; Rgvedi, AryancaSanancaPracina va Arvacina Itihasa,
399–400, 405.
Nirmal Kumar Bose, “The Spring Festival of India,” in Cultural Anthropology
and Other Essays (Calcutta, 1953), 73–102.
