GTBL042-07 GTBL042-Callister-v2 August 6, 2007 12:43

224 • Chapter 7 / Mechanical Properties

Table 7.5

Hardness-Testing Techniques

Shape of Indentation

Formula for

Test

Indenter

Side View

Top View

Load

Hardness Number

a

Brinell

10-mm sphere

of steel ortungsten carbide

D d

d

P

HB

=

2 P

π

D

[D

−

√

D

2 −

(^2) d
]
Vickers
microindentation
Diamond
pyramid
136
°
d^1
d^1
P
HV

1. 
   

   854
   P/
   d
   21
   Knoop
   microindentation
   Diamond
   pyramid
   l/b
   = 7.11
   b/
   t = 4.00
   t
   b
   l
   P
   HK

   
   

   14.2
   P/l
   2
   Rockwell and
   SuperficialRockwell
   Diamond cone;
   (^116)
   ,
   1 , 8
   1 , 4
   1 , in. 2
   diametersteel spheres
   120
   °
   60 kg100 kg150 kg
   ⎫⎪⎬ ⎪⎭
   Rockwell
   15 kg30 kg45 kg
   ⎫⎪⎬ ⎪⎭
   Superficial Rockwell
   ⎧⎪⎪⎨ ⎪⎪⎩
   a
   For the hardness formulas given,
   P
   (the applied load) is in kg, while
   D, d, d
   , and 1
   lare all in mm.
   Source:
   Adapted from H. W. Hayden, W. G. Moffatt, and J. Wulff,
   The Structure and Properties of Materials,
   Vol. III,
   Mechanical Behavior

   
   

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1965 by John Wiley & Sons, New York. Reprinted by permission of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.