Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering: An Integrated Approach, 3e

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References • 511

not all types need be present in a particular dielectric. For alternating electric fields,

whether a specific polarization type contributes to the total polarization and dielectric

constant depends on frequency; each polarization mechanism ceases to function

when the applied field frequency exceeds its relaxation frequency.

Ferroelectricity

Piezoelectricity

Also included in this chapter were brief discussions of two other electrical phenom-

ena. Ferroelectric materials are those that may exhibit polarization spontaneously,

that is, in the absence of any external electric field. Finally, piezoelectricity is the phe-

nomenon whereby polarization is induced in a material by the imposition of external

forces.

IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS

Acceptor state

Capacitance

Conduction band

Conductivity, electrical

Dielectric

Dielectric constant

Dielectric displacement

Dielectric strength

Diode

Dipole, electric

Donor state

Doping

Electrical resistance

Electron energy band

Energy band gap

Extrinsic semiconductor

Fermi energy

Ferroelectric

Forward bias

Free electron

Hall effect

Hole

Insulator

Integrated circuit

Intrinsic semiconductor

Ionic conduction

Junction transistor

Matthiessen’s rule

Metal

Mobility

MOSFET

Ohm’s law

Permittivity

Piezoelectric

Polarization

Polarization, electronic

Polarization, ionic

Polarization, orientation

Rectifying junction

Relaxation frequency

Resistivity, electrical

Reverse bias

Semiconductor

Valence band

REFERENCES

Bube, R. H.,Electrons in Solids, 3rd edition, Aca-

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Chaudhari, P., “Electronic and Magnetic Mate-

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October 1986, pp. 136–144.

Hummel, R. E.,Electronic Properties of Materi-

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2000.

Irene, E. A.,Electronic Materials Science,Wiley,

Hoboken, NJ, 2005.

Kingery, W. D., H. K. Bowen, and D. R. Uhlmann,

Introduction to Ceramics, 2nd edition, Wiley,

New York, 1976. Chapters 17 and 18.

Kittel, C.,Introduction to Solid State Physics, 8th

edition, Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, 2005. An ad-

vanced treatment.

Kwok, H. L.,Electronic Materials, PWS Publishers,

Boston, 1997.

Livingston, J.,Electronic Properties of Engineering

Materials, Wiley, New York, 1999.

Pierret, R. F. and K. Harutunian,Semiconductor

Device Fundamentals, Addison-Wesley Long-

man, Boston, 1996.

Solymar, L. and D. Walsh,Electrical Properties of

Materials, 7th edition, Oxford University Press,

New York, 2004.