4.9
Assay Parameter
95% Confidence
Interval
Dupont’s Sensitivity ð 0 : 820 ; 1 : 0 Þ
Specificity ð 0 : 971 ; 1 : 0 Þ
Cellular Product’s Sensitivity not available
Specificity ð 0 : 935 ; 0 : 990 Þ
Note:Sample sizes are very small here.
4.10 Personnel Exposure 95% Confidence Interval
Physicians Frequent ð 0 : 121 ; 0 : 299 Þ
Infrequent ð 0 : 023 ; 0 : 135 Þ
Nurses Frequent ð 0 : 133 ; 0 : 291 Þ
Infrequent ð 0 : 038 ; 0 : 136 Þ
4.11 (a)Proportion:ð 0 : 067 ; 0 : 087 Þ; odds ratio:ð 1 : 44 ; 2 : 05 Þ.
4.12 (a)Proportion:ð 0 : 302 ; 0 : 374 Þ; odds ratio:ð 0 : 15 ; 0 : 44 Þ.
4.13
Event Gender
95% Confidence
Interval for OR
Myocardial infarction Men ð 0 : 69 ; 1 : 28 Þ
Women ð: 30 ;: 99 Þ
Coronary death Men ð: 39 ;: 83 Þ
Women ð: 12 ; 1 : 25 Þ
No clear evidence of e¤ect modification, intervals are overlapped.
4.14 Religion Group 95% Confidence Interval for OR
Protestant ð 0 : 31 ; 0 : 84 Þ
Catholic ð 1 : 58 ; 13 : 94 Þ
Others ð 0 : 41 ; 1 : 51 Þ
The odds ratio for the Catholics is much higher.
4.15 (a)Proportion:ð 0 : 141 ; 0 : 209 Þ; odds ratio:ð 1 : 06 ; 1 : 93 Þ.
4.16 (a) Odds ratio¼
ð 177 Þð 31 Þ
ð 11 Þð 249 Þ
¼ 2 : 0
exp ln 2: 0 G 1 : 96
ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
1
177
þ
1
31
þ
1
11
þ
1
249
!r
¼ð 0 : 98 ; 4 : 09 Þ
ANSWERS TO SELECTED EXERCISES 511