Bakufu, 348, 349, 353, 354, 356, 361,
363, 365
Being, 86, 261, 419, 480–482, 580, 658,
744, 749–750, 840–841
Bhakti, 188, 189, 266–267, 269, 270,
799, 824
Birmingham Lunar Society, 530
Bloomsbury Circle, 530, 732–733
Britain, 595–603, 609–617, 663–671, 686,
693–694, 705–717; alleged “Anglo” vs.
“Continental” contrast, 752–753
Britain, intellectual centers in: Cambridge,
380, 596–597, 664–667, 669–670, 705–
711, 714, 731–735; London, 529–530,
665–666, 705–708; Oxford, 530–531,
664–667; Edinburgh, 707, 710. See also
Christendom, intellectual centers in
Buddhism in China, 161–164, 167–168,
281–299, 318; organizational base, 272–
279; conflict with Taoism and Confu-
cianism, 279–281, 310–312; decline of
elite Chinese Buddhism, 305–307, 320–- See also Amida Buddhism; Ch’an;
Hua-yen; Tantric Buddhism; T’ien-t’ai
Buddhism in India, 212–240; political
bases, 180–188; origins, 190–193, 199–
208; declines, 256–257
Buddhism in Japan, 322–348; Tokugawa
intellectuals desert, 348–352; Kyoto
school revives, 374–377
Bushido, 355, 357
Byzantium, 374, 404, 410, 432, 449, 519
Calculus, 542
Calvinism, 570, 572, 575, 577–578, 585–
586; anti-Calvinists, 572, 583
Cambridge Analytical Society, 705
Cambridge (Massachusetts) Metaphysical
Club, 531
Canons and classics, formation and clo-
sure of, 388–390; Confucian, 141, 151,
154, 156–157, 339–340, 360–361, 804;
Taoist, 157, 167, 279–280; Vedas, 193–
195; Upanishads, 208–209, 228, 250;
Ch’an, 297–298; existentialist, 720. See
also Mohists: Canon of
Cartesians, 262, 587–589, 599–600
Catholicism, 524; similar organization in
Buddhism, 167–168, 227; Spanish liber-
als in, 525, 579; and scientific revolu-tion, 553–556, 561, 571; authoritarian-
ism in, 571–572, 575; in Scotland, 615;
modernists and anti-modernists in, 742–
746; existentialist theology in, 779. See
also Jansenists; Jesuits; Oratorians; Secu-
larization
Certificates and credentials, 335, 467, 642;
inflation of, 223, 297, 303, 341–347,
383, 522, 581–582, 966n36; of Bud-
dhist enlightenment, 333, 341, 344
Ch’an (Zen): in China, 273, 276, 283,
289, 290–300, 307, 312, 320–321, 323,
798; in Japan, 332–337, 340–347, 380,
448; shapes Japanese aesthetics, 337–- See also Lin-chi sect; Rinzai Zen;
Soto Zen; Ts’ao-tung sect
Ch’eng-Chu school, 313, 314, 316, 359
Ch’i (matter/energy), 308, 309, 312, 313,
355, 358, 359, 787
China, 54–77, 137–176, 272–321, 447–
448, 502–503, 507–8, 533, 549–551;
compared to Greece, 146–150; influence
in Japan, 322–323, 327, 332–339, 345,
357, 361, 369, 372, 377
China, intellectual centers in, 507; Ch’ang-
an, 62, 153, 283, 286; Chi-hsia Acad-
emy, 68, 73, 142–145, 811, 892; Ping-
yuan, 142–145, 152; Loyang, 153, 160,
283, 292, 475–476, 485, 488–493, 513–
516, 518
Christendom, intellectual centers in, 513–
519; Paris, 380, 445, 464, 467; Oxford,
380, 488, 492–494, 515–516, 518;
Chartres, 429, 445, 467
Christendom, medieval, 454–504, 548–
549; compared to Islam, 389–392, 403,
451–455, 459–462; Carolingian, 447;
nominalism-realism debate in, 827–828
Christianity, 827–828; early, 115–116,
119–131, 433; in Islamic world, 397,
403, 404, 408, 410, 411, 417; in medie-
val Spain, 433, 437, 445–446. See also
Catholicism; Christendom, medieval;
Protestantism; Secularization
Chu Hsi school, 355, 356, 357. See also
Ch’eng-Chu school
Circles and groups, intellectual, 3–5, 28,
36–37, 526–532; intersection of, 142–
146, 175, 301–302, 380, 573–574, 583
Cistercians, 456, 457, 467, 472, 487
1090 •^ Index of Subjects