Logic (continued)
466–467; nominalist, 486; Port-Royal,
586; mathematical, 676, 680, 695–696,
701–704, 710–712, 715–716, 725–728.
See also Nyaya; Positivism, logical
Logos, 86, 89, 104, 358
Lyceum. See Aristotelean schoolMadhyamika, 220, 221–224, 236, 237,
239, 242, 244, 252, 256, 448; Three
Treatise school, 283
Mahavihara universities, 219, 227, 250,
380
Malikites, 402, 439, 452, 512
Manicheans, 122, 397, 958n36
Marburg school, 692, 700, 745, 746, 718,
719
Materialism: in Greece, 77, 89, 107, 111,
113; Christian, 122, 129; in India, 199,
227, 968n49; in China, 316; in Japan,
358; in Europe, 568, 596, 597, 605,
629, 661, 666, 717, 830; as repudiation
of German Idealism, 619, 689–691,
721; in Russia, 771
Mathematics: Greek, 99–100, 106, 113–
114, 118, 956nn17–18, 957nn21–22;
Chinese, 149, 301, 502, 847, 863–864;
Islamic, 404–405, 418, 429; becomes
discovery-making machine, 538–543,
revolution in Europe, 557–559, 566–
568; source of Kant’s synthetic a priori,
553–554, 851–852; and anti-mathemati-
cal philosophies, 659–660, 854–855;
higher abstract, 694, 697–700, 705–
708; foundations of, 704, 709–714, 724–
728, 737–738; as communicative opera-
tions, 862–870; and distinctiveness of
European philosophy, 845–856; in Ja-
pan, 847, 996n23. See also science and
mathematics networks
Medicine: in Greece, 92, 93, 95, 107, 111–
112, 119, 549, 956n20; in Islamic
world, 239, 404, 408, 418, 426, 453,
546; in Europe, 559, 561–562, 577,
597, 674
Meditation, 204, 205–206, 216, 218–219,
223, 272, 276, 290, 295, 315, 332,
336, 337; Neo-Confucian, 308, 310,
315, 318, 794; techniques and results,
964n25, 965n26Megarian school, 87, 92, 93, 97, 98, 101,
102, 107, 811, 892, 956n20
Metaphysics, 80, 146, 150, 163, 171–174,
176, 309, 312–321, 523, 574, 580, 810,
818–845
Mimamsa, 188, 228, 231–233, 241–249,
257, 259, 264, 269–270
Mimamsakas. See Mimamsa
Mind, 2, 7, 676. See also Idealism
Mind-body problem, 588, 593, 652. See
also Occasionalism
Mishnah, 389, 433, 443
Mohists, 138, 140–141, 143–145, 832,
890; Canon of, 58, 148–149, 151, 317,
886, 891
Monarchians, 127
Monasteries: Chinese Buddhist, 161–162,
167–168, 272–281, 291–297, 306; In-
dian Buddhist, 182–186, 203–204, 211;
Hindu, 219, 226, 250, 268; Christian,
273, 455–456, 462, 472–473, 501, 574;
Taoist, 280, 306; Japanese, 327–329,
332–333, 338, 341, 343; absence in Is-
lam, 459–460
Monophysites, 127, 404
Moral philosophy. See Ethics
Museum of Alexandria, 955nn8–9,
956n13, 956n19
Mu‘tazilites, 396–401, 403, 407, 411–413,
417, 439, 448, 833, 839, 840, 843
Mysticism, 206–208, 454, 494–496, 828.
See also Ch’an; Enlightenment, Bud-
dhist; Kabbalah; Meditation; Sufis; YogaNaiyayikas. See Nyaya
Names, school of, 150, 799, 809, 812, 826
Name and form, 272, 822
National Learning, 243, 357, 364, 366,
381, 794
Naturphilosophie, 619, 626, 633, 634,
637, 656, 659–660, 689, 768
Negation, 221, 232, 239, 244–246, 261–
262, 481, 750, 777–779, 819
Neo-Confucianism, 28, 58, 60, 68, 70, 73,
165, 273–274, 299–321; in Japan, 323,
339–340, 343, 348, 359–372
Neo-Kantianism, 375, 619, 687, 689–696,
717–724, 737–738, 741–746, 764, 780
Neo-Nyaya, 229, 242, 259–260, 262, 267–
268, 270, 794, 970n691094 •^ Index of Subjects