or in the liver.
Glycolysis: A catabolic process where glycogen is broken down into glucose.
Insulin: A hormone released from the pancreas which lowers blood glucose when it raises too high.
Ketone body (KB), also ketone: Ketone bodies are water-soluble substances which can be used by
most tissues of the body as an alternative fuel to carbohydrate.
Ketogenesis: The production of ketone bodies in the liver from the incomplete breakdown of free
fatty acids.
Ketogenic diet (KD): Any diet which causes the accumulation of ketone bodies in the
bloodstream. Generally defined as any diet containing less than 100 grams per day of
carbohydrate.
Ketonemia: Ketonemia refers to the buildup of ketones in the bloodstream to such a point that a
metabolic state of ketosis occurs.
Ketonuria: Ketonuria refers to the buildup and subsequent excretion of ketones in the urine.
Ketosis: A metabolic state where ketone bodies have built up in the bloodstream to a point that
the body changes its overall metabolism from one based primarily on carbohydrate to one based
on fat.
Lactate threshold (LT): The exercise intensity above which lactic acid accumulates rapidly,
causing fatigue.
Lactic acid: A by-product of high-intensity exercise.
Lean body mass (LBM): Everything in the body except adipose tissue. LBM includes muscle,
bone, organs, the brain, water, glycogen, minerals, etc.
Lipogenesis: An anabolic process where free fatty acids and glycerol are made into triglyceride.
Lipolysis: A catabolic reaction which refers to the breaking down of triglycerides into free fatty
acids and glycerol.
Macronutrients: Protein, carbohydrate and fat.
Malonyl-CoA: An intermediate in fat synthesis. Malonyl-CoA regulates free fatty acid use in the
liver and muscle and is the determining factor in ketone body formation in the liver..
Micronutrients: Vitamins and minerals.
Mitochondria: The powerhouse of the cell, where free fatty acids are burned to produce energy.
Protein: Substances used in the body primarily for tissue repair. Proteins are made up of amino
acids.
Protein synthesis: An anabolic process where amino acids are formed into larger proteins.
Proteolysis: A catabolic process where proteins are broken down into amino acids.