BioPHYSICAL chemistry

18.7

=−12.3 +5.8 kJ mol−^1 =−6.5 kJ mol−^1

=9.6 −5.8 kJ mol−^1 =+3.8 kJ mol−^1

ΔGNET=ΔGNa+ΔGK=−2.7 kJ mol−^1

18.8 (a)

=10.0 kJ mol−^1

(b)

=−0.7 kJ mol−^1

(c) ΔGNET= 3 ΔGNa+ 3 ΔGK=28.6 kJ mol−^1

(d) Need ΔGATP−ΔGNET< 0

18.9

=−11.3 +6.2 kJ mol−^1 =−5.1 kJ mol−^1

=+9.6 −6.2 kJ mol−^1 =+3.4 kJ mol−^1

ΔGNET=ΔGNa+ΔGK=−1.6 kJ mol−^1

=+( .0 0083 −)( 298 ) ln ( )(.

200

4

kJ molK^1 K 1965 kJ mmolV−^1 )( .−0 065V)

ΔGRT

c

c

out zF V

in

K=+∇ln

=+( .0 0083 −)( 298 ) ln ( )(.

2

200

kJ molK^1 K 1965 kJ mmolV−^1 )( .+0 065V)

ΔGRT

c

c

out zF V

in

Na=+∇ln

=+(. −)( )ln

.

.

0 0083 310 ()(

005

001

kJ molK^1 K 196 ..)(.)50kJ molV−^1 − 05 V

ΔGRT

c

c

out zF V

in

K=+∇ln

=+(. −)( )ln

.

.

0 0083 310 ()(

015

002

kJ molK^1 K 196 ..)(.)50kJ molV−^1 + 05 V

ΔGRT

c

c

out zF V

in

Na=+∇ln

=+(.0 0083 −)( 295 )ln ()(.

100

2

kJ molK^1 K 1965 kJ mmolV−^1 )( .− 006 V)

ΔGRT

c

c

out zF V

in

K=+∇ln

=+( .0 0083 −)( 295 ) ln ( )(.

1

150

kJ molK^1 K 1965 kJ mmolV−^1 )( .+ 006 V)

ΔGRT

c

c

out zF V

in

Na=+∇ln

482 ANSWERS TO PROBLEMS

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