21 Biochemistry of Fruits 513
Fluhr R, Mattoo AK. 1996. Ethylene—Biosynthesis
and Perception. Crit Rev Plant Sci 15:479–523.
Fry SC. 1986. Cross linking of matrix polymers in the
growing cell walls of angiosperms. Annu Rev Plant
Physiol 37:165–186.
Giovannoni JJ, DellaPenna D, Bennet AB, Fischer RL.
- Expression of a chimeric PG gene in trans-
genic rin tomato fruit results in polyuronide degrada-
tion but not fruit softening. The Plant Cell 1:53–63.
Giovanucci EL. 1999. Tomatoes, tomato based prod-
ucts, lycopene andcancer: A review of the epidemio-
logic literature. J Natl Cancer Inst 91:317–329.
Grierson D, Tucker GA, Keen J, Ray J, Bird CR,
Schuch W. 1986. Sequencing and identification of a
cDNA clone for tomato polygalacturonase. Nucleic
Acids Res 14:8595–8603.
Hamilton AJ, Bouzayen M, Grierson D. 1991. Ident-
ification of a tomato gene for the ethylene forming
enzyme by expression in yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci
(USA) 88:7434–7437.
Hamilton AJ, Lycett GW, Grierson D. 1990. Antisense
gene that inhibits synthesis of the hormone ethylene
in transgenic plants. Nature 346:284–287.
Hrazdina G, Kiss E, Rosenfield CL, Norelli JL,
Aldwinckle HS. 2000. Down regulation of ethylene
production in apples. In: G Hrazdina, editor, Use of
Agriculturally Important Genes in Biotechnology.
IOS Press, Amsterdam. Pp. 26–32.
Kays, S. J. 1997. Postharvest physiology of perishable
plant products. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
Keegstra K, Talmadge KW, Bauer WD, Albersheim P. - The structure of plant cell walls III. A model
of the walls of suspension cultured sycamore cells
based on the interaction of the macromolecular com-
ponents. Plant Physiol51:188–196.
Kramer M, Sanders R, Bolkan H, Waters C, Sheehy
RE, Hiatt WR. 1992. Postharvest evaluation of trans-
genic tomatoes with reduced levels of polygalactur-
onase: Processing, firmness and disease resistance.
Postharv Biol Technol 1:241–255.
Kumar R, Selvaraj Y. 1990. Fructose-1,6-bisphospha-
tase in ripening mango fruit. Indian J Exp Biol
28:284–286.
Lichtenthaler HK, Rohmer M, Schwender J. 1997. Two
independent biochemical pathways for isopentenyl
diphosphate and isoprenoid biosynthesis in higher
plants. Physiologia Plant 101:643–652.
Meijer HJG,Munnik T. 2003. Phospholipid-based sig-
nalling in plants. Annu Rev Plant Biol 54:265–306.
Meir S, Bramlage WJ. 1988. Antioxidant activity in
“Cortland” apple peel and susceptibility to superfi-
cial scald after storage. J Amer Soc Hort Sci 113:
412–418.
Oeller PW, Min-Wong L, Taylor LP, Pike DA, The-
ologis A. 1991. Reversible inhibition of tomato fruit
senescence by antisense RNA. Science 254:437–
439.
Oke M, Pinhero RG, Paliyath G. 2003. The effects of
genetic transformation of tomato with antisense phos-
pholipase D cDNA on the quality characteristics of
fruits and their processed products. Food Biotechnol
17:163–182.
Paliyath G, Droillard MJ. 1992. The mechanism of
membrane deterioration and disassembly during sen-
escence. Plant Physiol Biochem 30:789–812.
Paliyath G, Thompson JE. 1990. Evidence for early
changes in membrane structure during post harvest
development of cut carnation flowers. New Phy-
tologist 114:555–562.
Paliyath G, Whiting MD, Stasiak MA, Murr DP, Clegg
BS. 1997. Volatile production and fruit quality dur-
ing development of superficial scald in Red De-
licious apples. Food Res International 30:95–103.
Pinhero RG, Almquist KC, Novotna Z, Paliyath G.
- Developmental regulation of phospholipase D
in tomato fruits. Plant Physiol Biochem 41:223–240.
Purvis AC. 1985. Low temperature induced azide-
insensitive oxygen uptake in grapefruit flavedo tis-
sue. J Amer Soc Hort Sci 110:782–785.
Rohmer M, Knani M, Simonin P, Sutter B, Sahm H. - Isoprenoid biosynthesis in bacteria: A novel
pathway for early steps leading to isopentenyl di-
phosphate. Biochem J 295:517–524.
Ruffner HP, Brem S, Malipiero U. 1983. The physiolo-
gy of acid metabolism in grape berry ripening. Acta
Horticulturae 139:123–128.
Rupasinghe HPV, Almquist KC, Paliyath G, Murr DP. - Cloning of hmg1and hmg2cDNAs encoding
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase
and their expression and activity in relation to alpha-
farnesene synthesis in apple. Plant Physiol Biochem
39:933–947.
Rupasinghe HPV, Paliyath G, Murr DP. 2000. Ses-
quiterpene alpha-farnesene synthase: Partial purifi-
cation, characterization and activity in relation to
superficial scald development in “Delicious” apples.
J Amer Soc Hort Sci 125:111–119.
———. 2003. Biosynthesis of isoprenoids in higher
plants. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 9:19–28.
Selvaraj Y, Kumar R, Pal DK. 1989. Changes in sugars,
organic acids, amino acids, lipid constituents and
aroma characteristics of ripening mango fruit. J Food
Sci Technol 26:308–313.
Singer SJ, Nicholson GL. 1972. The fluid mosaic model
of the structure of cell membranes. Science 175:
720–731.