Leadership and Management in China: Philosophies, Theories, and Practices

Individual outcomes• In-role performance• OCB• Work attitudes

Lower level

Unit-level process

• Work practice• Organizational climate

Paternalistic leadership

Unit outcomes

• Unit performance • Unit morale

Upper level

Paternalisticleadership

Cognitive-motivational

States

• Fear• Gratitude and repayment• Identification

Situational moderators• Traditionality • Resource dependence

Situational moderators

• Family ownership • Environment and technology

Figure 6.2.

A multilevel model of paternalistic leadership.