Modern Hindi Grammar - Indian Institute of Language Studies (IILS)

4. SYNTAX

and fell
Mohan and his wife went for a walk. He stumbled and fell
down.

Anaphora is expressed by possessive and reflexive pronouns as
given in (4) and (5).

4. ]sanao Apnao ima~ sao pOsao ]Qaar ilae.
   usne apne mitr se p ́se udha:r liye.
   he-erg refl friend-from money credit took
   He took money from his friend on loan.


5. Aimat Gar Aayaa AaOr svayaM p%naI kao dvaa[- dI.
   amit ghar a:ya: ør svayam patni: ko dava:i: di:
   Amit home came and self wife-dat medicine gave
   Amit came home and gave medicine to his wife himself.

Certain other devices like the use of saara sa:ra: all, and the use of
ordinals like phlaa pahla: ‘first’ and dUsara du:sra: ‘second’, are also
employed to denote anaphora.

6. maohna baaja,ar sao saoba laayaa. saaro saD,o hue qao.
   mohan ba:za:r se seb la:ya:. sa:re sare hue the.
   Mohan market from apples brought all rotten-ptc were
   Mohan brought apples from the market. All were rotten.


7. ]maa AaOr SaaoBaa bahnaoM hOM.phlaI caalaak h ̧O
   uma: ør šobha: bahnẽ h ́.~ pahli: ca:la:kh h ́,
   Uma and Shobha: sisters are first clever is
   AaOr dUsarI saIQaI saadI.
   ør du:sri: si:dhi: sadi:.
   and second simple
   Uma and Shobha are sisters. The former is clever and the
   latter is simple.

The anaphora occurs within the clause with reflexive pronouns.
Personal pronouns are not employed for this purpose.