4. SYNTAX
Backward deletion is not possible.
11b. *maaÐ nao kha ik Ø/vah (i) baoTa (i) p~ ilaKo.
*mã: ne kaha: ki Ø /vah (i) beta:(i) patr likhe.
Backward as well as forward deletion and pronominalization are
used to express anaphora.
- [jaao Ø iktaba pZ, rhI hO ] vah laD,kI maorI baihna hO.
[jo Ø kita:b parh rahi: h ́] vah larki: meri: bahan h ́.
rel Ø book read-prog is cor girl my sister is
The girl who is reading a book is my sister.
12a. [jaao laD,kI iktaba pZ, rhI hO ] vah Ø maorI baihna hO.
[jo larki: kita:b parh rahi: h ́] vah Ø meri: bahan h ́.
rel girl book read-prog is cor Ø my sister is
The girl who is reading a book is my sister.
Anaphora between different sentences also uses the strategy of
deletion and pronominalization. No other strategy is employed.
4.3.7. Reflexives
A reflexive pronoun occupies the same position within a clause as
any other type of a pronoun. The only restriction is that the
antecedent of a reflexive pronoun must be the subject of its clause.
There is no other change except the selection of a dative case marker
or a postposition in its use as an indirect object. Emphatic possessive
pronouns do not require a co-referential antecedent.
- vah laD,kI ]sakI ApnaI baoTI hO.
vah larki: uski: apni: beti: h ́.
that girl his emp/*refl
That girl is his/her own.
Emphatic pronouns are sometimes completely homophonous with
possessive pronouns as in (2).