Modern Hindi Grammar - Indian Institute of Language Studies (IILS)

3. MORPHOLOGY

2. ]sanao kpD,o Qaaoe.
   usne kapre dhoye
   he-erg clothes washed
   He washed clothes.

2a. vah kpD,o Qaaoyaa.
*vah kapre dhoya:

Whenever the objects are followed by the dative postposition kao ko,
the verb remains in masculine singular form.

3. maaohna nao baihna /bahnaaoM kao baulaayaa.
   mohan ne bahin/bahnõ ko bula:ya:
   Mohan-erg sister/sisters-dat called
   Mohan called (his) sister/sisters.


4. hmanao laD,ko / laD,kaoM / laD,kI /laD,ikyaaoM kao pZ,ayaa.
   hamne larke/larkõ/larki:/ larkiyõ ko parha:ya:
   we-erg boy/boys/girl/girls-dat taught
   We taught the boy/boys/girl/girls.

The nao ne postposition is not used with the subjects of the following
transitive verbs: laanaa la:na: ‘to bring,’ Kolanaa khelna: ‘to play,’ baaolanaa
bolna: ‘to speak,’ BaUlanaa bhu:lna: ‘to forget,’ and baknaa bakna: ‘to
chatter.’

5. ]maa kmaIja, laa[-.
   uma: kami:z la:i:
   Uma-nom shirt brought
   Uma brought a shirt.

5a. ]maa nao kmaIja, laa[-.
uma: ne kami:z la:i:

6. laD,ka baaolaa.
   larka: bola:
   boy said
   The boy said.

6a. laD,ko nao baaolaa.
larke ne bola: