Modern Hindi Grammar - Indian Institute of Language Studies (IILS)

3. MORPHOLOGY

1. baaZ, sao makana igar gayaa.
   ba:rh se maka:n gir gaya:.
   flood with house fell
   The house fell down because of the flood.


2. ]sako karNa mauJaoo nau@saana huAa.
   uske ka:ran mujhe nuksa:n hua:
   he-gen-obl reason I-obl loss occurred
   I had to suffer loss because of him.


3. ]sakI Aaor sao mauJaoo kBaI sauK nahIM imalaa.
   uski: or se mujhe kabhi: sukh nahĩ: mila:.
   he-gen-obl side I-dat ever comfort neg got
   He has never provided comfort to me.

Purpose is expressed by the use of the oblique infinitive verb
optionally followed by the postposition ko ilae ke liye ‘for.’

4. vah sabja,I laonao (ko ilae) baaja,ar gayaa.
   vah sabzi: lene (ke liye) ba:za:r gaya:.
   he vegetables bring-inf-obl for market went
   He went to the market to buy vegetables.

Function is expressed by the genitive postpositional phrase - kI trh
ki:
tarah ‘like.’

5. vah Cato kao saaoTI kI trh [istmaala krta hO.
   vah cha:te ko soti: ki: tarah istima:l karta: h ́.
   he is umbrella-obl dat stick-gen like use do-pr is
   He uses an umbrella like a stick.

Reference is denoted by the postpositional expression ko baaro maoM ke
ba:re mẽ ‘about.’

6. ]sanao mauJao Apnao baccaaoM ko baaro maoM kha.
   usne mujhe apne baccõ ke ba:re mẽ kaha:.
   he-erg me self’s children-dat about said
   He told me about his children.