Buddhism in India

Index 313

Theragatha, 84

Theravada (Hinayana), 2, 3, 6, 8,

13–14, 53, 63, 86, 89, 94, 98, 99,

101–02, 103–04, 105, 107, 108–09,

110, 112, 114, 115, 159, 231, 270,

277

Therigatha, 84

Theses on Feuerbach, 1, 253

‘third jewel’, 95

Thiruvalluvar, 199

Tilak, Balgangadhar, 238

tirthankaras, 40

tolerance, 117, 149, 169, 175

Trailokya Baudha Mahasangh Gana

Vinayak Samiti (TBMSG), 7

tranquility, 30

transcendental state of freedom, 270

transformation, 30, 86, 104, 106, 280

tribal collectivism, 36

trinity, 50

truth, 16, 23, 30–34, 63, 227–33

Tukaram, 191, 203–10, 213–14, 215

Turks, 166, 170, 174, 179, 222

turmoil, 65

Tusakas, 169

twice-born, 44, 215, 219

Udantapura, 211

Udra, SeeOrissa

Ugra, 45

ultimate reality, 103

uncertainty, 217

understanding, 68, 273, 275

unity, 15

untouchables, untouchability, 16, 44,

45, 78, 81, 130, 151, 168, 178,

220, 247–48, 252, 256; separate

electorate for, 249–50

upadana, Seegrasping

Upanishads, Upanishadic, 39, 40, 41,

47–48, 63, 148, 169, 252; idealism,

58; version of self, 60

Vaideha, Vaidehikas, 45, 46

Vaishnavism, Vaishnavite, 48, 125,

172, 177, 187, 211–12

Vaishyas, 44, 79, 118, 127, 150,

219, 228

Vajjians, 64, 153

Vajracchedika-prajnaparamita-sutra,

115

Vajrasucci, 209

Vajrayana, 2, 8, 86, 101–02, 104,

109, 110, 111–12, 114, 115, 116,

196, 210, 269

Valabhi, 158–59

Valluva Sakya, 237

values, value system, 14, 32; conflict,

13–14

Varkari movement, 200, 208

Varma, Bhagyareddy, 240

varnashrama dharma, varnasocial

order, varnasystem, 15, 16, 42, 44,

45, 46–48, 49, 50, 60, 70, 78, 90,

118, 119, 125, 127, 128, 130–32,

147, 149, 150, 172, 176, 179, 194,

219–20, 222, 236, 251–52, 281;

crystallisation, 137; divine creation

of, 44

Vasettha, 43

Vasetthasutta of Sutta Nipata, 43, 76,

98, 282

Vasistha, 41

Vassakara, 64

Vassalasuttaof Sutta Nipata, 76, 282

Vasti, by Vasant Moon, 258

Vayu Purana, 169

vedana, Seesensation

Vedanta, Vedantic, 39, 48, 61, 110,

111, 248; idealistic, 60–61

Vedas, 16, 27, 37n, 41, 42, 44, 46, 48,

92, 117, 119, 129–30, 160, 201,

202, 210, 211, 219, 221, 232, 234,

237, 241, 252; authority, 38, 47, 51

Vedic, 25, 26, 27; Aryans, 15;

medicine, 141; sacrifices,

Seesacrifice; social structure, 128

vegetarianism, 46, 200

Vellala, 188

verbal expression, process of, 63

Vessantara, 93, 104

Vessas, 73

Vidarbha, Maharashtra, 109,

155, 168

Videhi, 46

Vidudhabha, 29, 134

Silapaddikaram, 173
silpashanavidya(arts, mechanics,
knowledge of calender), 141
Sin and sinlessness, 113
Sinhalas, 169
Sino-Tibetan, 25, 28
Sin-tu (Sind), 159
six senses (salayakam), 61
skepticism, 19, 35, 275, 276, 277
slavery, 28, 143–44
Smith, Adam, 147
social: achievements, 282; action, 3;
being, 59; change, 3, 105, 254;
conditions, 12, 150, 215, 217;
conflicts, 5; and cultural
developments, 25; development, 30;
and economic conditions, 18, 142;
ethics, 65; exploitation, 5, 13, 277;
form, 28; formations, 25, 125;
groups, 79; hierarchies, 277;
ideology, 1; interpretation, 277;
justice, 243, 257; labour, 218; life,
30; movements, 260; order, 43, 50,
106, 143, 147, 223, 280; radicalism,
2; reality, 44, 128; reconstruction, 8;
reforms, 222–23; relationships, 47,
148; and religious ideologies, 33, 51;
sanction, 147; status, 67; strains, 28;
structure, 4, 173, 223; system, 16;
upheaval, 25
Social Liberation Thesis, 179, 181
socialisation, 110
socialism, 24, 143
society, 19; and religion, 142
Sopakas, 45
sorrow (dukkha), 4, 5, 13, 56, 61,
146; cessation of, 4, 68; origin of,
3, 4, 6, 56, 59, 65, 107, 239,
273, 278
soul, 15, 16, 36–37, 59, 63; non
existence, 4, 6; and matter, 40;
transmigration, 54
spiritual imperialism, 110
spiritualism, 3, 16, 39, 253
Sri Lanka, 166–67; Buddhism, 234
Srimalasimhanada Sutra, 167
state and society, 134–37
statues, 93–95

status, birth given right, 43–44

stupas, 93–95

submission, 10

Suddas, 73, 132

suffering, 5, 23, 24, 57, 59; cause and

end 12–13; cosmology, 13

Sukhavati, 109, 277–79

Sumangala, 84

sunyata, 17, 113, 196, 212

surplus, 31, 46, 164

Suta, 45

Sutta Nipata, 13, 43, 55, 66, 77,

78, 268

Svetas, 169

Svetasvatara Upanisad, 39

swabhava, 38, 272

Swadeshi, 220, 230, 231, 238, 246

swadharma, 49, 76

Thanissaro Bhikku, 61

Takkasila, SeeTaxila

tamas, 38

Tamil, 89

Tamil Nadu, 204; anti-caste

movement, 17; bhakti movements,

187; Buddhism, 241; Cholas

dominance, 178; Sakya Buddhism,

236–40; Siddha medicine, 112

Tamil Sangam, 119, 199

Tamilan, 241

Tang dynasty, 177

tanha, Seecraving

Tanti-pa, 194

Tantra, Tantric, 36, 89, 102, 111–14,

116, 183, 211, 236; notion of

identity, 110

Taoism, 183, 184

tapascarya, 32, 50

Taranatha, 102, 167, 170–72, 181,

188, 194

Tathagata, 10, 93, 107, 156,

268, 273

tathagatagarbha, 109

Taxila, 91, 152, 273

Thass, Iyothee, 2, 9, 17, 168, 211,

236–40, 256

Theosophical Society, New York,

234, 237

312 Buddhism in India