Constructing Content
Table 4-1 lists some of the most common (and useful) characters you may need, and you can find more at
entitycode.com.
Table 4-1. Common character references
Character Description Entity Numeric Reference
& ampersand & &
< less than < <
> greater than > >
‘ left single quotation mark ‘ ‘
’ right single quotation
mark (or apostrophe)
’ ’
“ left double quotation
mark
“ “
” right double quotation
mark
” ”
non-breaking space
... horizontal ellipsis … …
— em dash — —
© copyright © ©
™ trademark ™ ™
® registered trademark ® ®
Styling Content with CSS
A browser’s built-in default style sheet gives most content the simple styling it needs to be at least
readable. Headings will appear at different sizes, list items will each appear on their own line with a
marker, an em is italicized, a strong is bold, and so on. But these minimal styles are just that: minimal.
They’re intended for functional, utilitarian purposes, and aren’t exactly attractive. You’ve seen many
examples of default browser styling in this chapter. It hasn’t been pretty.
