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Chemicals that when normally handled, used, or stored may produce or
release gases, dusts, vapors, fumes, mists, or smoke that have any of the pre-
viously mentioned characteristics are also considered hazardous materials.

The EPA piggybacks on the OSHA definition of a hazardous material and adds
to it any item or chemical that can cause harm to people, plants, or animals
when released into the environment by:

Spilling Leaking

Pumping Pouring

Emitting Emptying

Discharging Injecting

Escaping Leaching

Dumping Disposing

The DOT defines a hazardous material as any item or chemical that is a risk
to public safety or the environment when being transported and monitors it
as such under the following regulations and codes:

Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR)

International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code

Dangerous Goods Regulations of the International Air Transport

Association (IATA)

Technical Instructions of the International Civil Aviation Organization

(ICAO)

U.S. Air Force Joint Manual, Preparing Hazardous Materials for Military

Air Shipments

In Europe, transportation by road is regulated according to ADR legislation
(International Carriage Of Dangerous Goods By Road — “Accord européen
relatif au transport international des marchandises dangereuses par route”),
while transportation by rail is regulated according to RID (“Reglement
International concernant le transport des marchandises Dangereuses par
chemin de fer”).

The NRC regulates items or chemicals that are “special nuclear source” or
by-product materials or radioactive substances.

Defining dangerous goods .................................................................

The same agencies that regulate hazardous materials in the United States
(OSHA, EPA, DOT) regulate dangerous goods, as well. Many hazardous materi-
als are also considered dangerous goods. They may be radioactive, flammable,

Chapter 12: Making Your Products Environmentally Friendly 221