Factor / components Description
Transformational leadership
Idealized influence attributed (IIA) Builds trust
Idealized influence behaviour (IIB) Acts with integrity
Inspirational motivation (IM) Inspires others
Intellectual stimulation (IS). Encourages innovative thinking
Individualized consideration (IC). Coaches people
Transactional leadership
Contingent reward (CR) Rewards achievements
Management-by-exception active
(MBE-A) Monitors mistakes^
Management-by-exception passive
(MBE-P) Fights fires^
Non-leadership
Laissez-faire (LF) Avoids involvement
Leadership outcomes
Effectiveness leader's efficacy in achieving organizational outcomes
Satisfaction degrees to which subordinates are satisfied
with their leader's behaviour
Extra Effort degrees to which the leader can increase
subordinates' desire to succeed and
subordinates exert effort higher than their
normal rate
Source: (Bass and Avolio 2008; Limsila and Ogunlana 2008: 167)
Figure 2-3 The full range model of transformational leadership
Source: (Avolio and Bass 2004a: 21)leadership Figure 2-4 The augmentation model of transactional and transformational
leadership