differences in the students’ preferences for leadership practices and four clusters
of preference types were identified. The characteristics of these clusters was,
however, complex, and the interpretation of cluster identities rather convoluted.
Furthermore, the cluster names (1. Scan-and-make-rules; 2. Clan builders; 3.
Low score laissez-faire; and 4. Intensive problem shooters) offer little in the way
of clarifying their identities. The author found that it was not possible to explain
the differences between the cluster members using the demographic variables
measured in the study and, importantly, nor did respondents’ work experience
and managerial experience explain any differences in cluster membership (p. 98).
Wong and Chan (2010) employed an implicit leadership theory approach and
combined this with a situational approach to investigate how various contextual
variables (Chinese context; industry context [hotels / telecommunications];
hierarchical employment level; and respondent nationality [Chinese / expatriate])
affect leadership perceptions. Specifically, their research questions sought to
examine: (i) hotel industry employee leadership perceptions in China; (ii)
leadership perceptions among various staff groups in the hotel industry
(managers and subordinates, expatriates and locals); (iii) differences in
leadership perceptions between the hotel and telecommunications industries; and
(iv) the implications of leadership perceptions for training and development in the
hotel industry. Their findings indicate that number of significant differences exist
and professionalism is the most significant dimension of leader perceptions for
Chinese hotel staff.Authors Context (C), Aims (A) and Findings (F)
Marnburg
(2007)
(C) Hospitality management programme students in Norway
(A) To examine how students’ ILTs might inform the nature of
hospitality curricula with leadership content
(F) There were significant differences in the students’ preferences for
leadership practices and four clusters of preference types were
identified
Wong and
Chan
(2010)
(C) Chinese hotel industry
(A) To identify differences in leadership perceptions between: hotel
and telecommunications industry contexts; subordinates and
managers; and local and expatriate managers
(F) A number of significant differences exist; professionalism is the
most significant dimension of leader perceptions for hotel staff
Source: author