Chemistry - A Molecular Science

Chapter 8 Solid Materials

8.0 Introduction

8.7 Ionic Solids and Ionic Radii

8.1 Unit Cells

8.8 Covalent Solids

8.2 Cubic Unit Cells and Metallic Radii

8.9 Molecular Solids and Atomic Radii

8.3 Unit Cell Stoichiometry

8.10 Comparison of Solid Types

8.4 Coordination Number & Geometry

8.11 Chapter Summary and Objectives

8.5 Density and Packing Efficiency

8.12 Exercises

8.6

Band Theor

y o

f Sim

ple Metals

8.0

INTRODUCTION

Thus far, our study has focused on the structure and properties of individual atoms and molecules, but most of our experience is with materials, large collections of interacting particles. Although materials ar

e constructed from individual atoms, ions, or molecules,

the interactions between these particles can result in a material whose bulk properties are quite different from the atomic or molecula

r properties of its constituents. Indeed,

material scientists and chemists design and build materials to meet a wide variety of needs. In this chapter, we discuss the structure of so

lids and relate the properties of some solids to

their structure. THE OBJECTIVES OF CHAPTER 8 ARE TO: •

show how atoms and ions pack to form metallic and ionic solids;

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describe metallic bonding and electrical conductivity in terms of band theory;

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explain the properties of some important

materials in terms of their structure;

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show how the sizes of atoms and ions are determined;

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distinguish between the various types of solids;

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explain how the properties of some covalent

solids are related to their structures; and

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relate the properties of a subst

ance to the type of solid it forms.

Chapter 8 Solid Materials

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