Chemistry - A Molecular Science

Chapter 13 Organic Chemistry

13.0.

INTRODUCTION Organic chemistry

is the study of molecules that feature carbon as the principal atomic

building block. An entire branch of chemis

try is devoted to carbon because carbon atoms

can bond together in long chains to produce an enormous number of organic compounds. Organic compounds are found everywhere - as st

ructural and genetic materials of plants

and animals, as drugs, plastics, dyes and tex

tiles, paper and paper

products, and on and on.

This diversity could make the study of orga

nic chemistry overwhelming, but the rules for

understanding organic molecular structure and

reactivity are based on familiar principles

that have been covered earlier in this tex

t: Lewis structures, resonance, and Lewis acid-

base theory. In addition, organic compounds

have been organized into a relatively few

classes according to thei

r structural and chemical characteristics. In this chapter, we

explore fundamental concepts of the structure and properties of several classes of organic molecules. THE OBJECTIVES OF CHAPTER 13 ARE TO:

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explain how to name simple organic molecules;

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show how to represent organic molecules in both skeletal and condensed structures;

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define and identify structural isomers of simple molecules;

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characterize several common functional groups;

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explain the mechanism for the reaction of a hydrogen halide and an alkene;

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distinguish between addition and condensation polymers and show examples of each; and

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explain the role of hydrogen bonding in

the structures of proteins and DNA.

Chapter 13 Organic Chemistry

13.0 Introduction

13.5 Introduction to Organic Reactions

13.1 Hydrocarbons

13.6 Polymers

13.2 Naming Simple Hydrocarbons

13.7 Chapter Summary and Objectives

13.3 Isomers

13.8 Exercises

13.4

Functional Grou

ps

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