142 PREPARATION OF SCHOOL LEADERS
respondents’ proximity to the classroom the greater the gap between the importance of the
skills/competencies of principals and the skills/competencies the principals demonstrated.
Table 5 displays the frequency distribution of the 5 scales used by the respondents to rate
the degree of attainment of the 17 skills/competencies. The 1 & 2 scales (unprepared and little
preparation) were combined as were the 4 & 5 scales (well-prepared and outstanding prepara-
tion).
Table 5. Frequency Distribution of Respondents Perception of the Attainment of the
Skills/Competencies in Three Levels.
Skill / Compe-
tency
Levels of Preparation: (1) unpre-
pared, (2) little preparation, (3) ade-
quate preparation, (4) well-prepared,
(5) outstanding preparation
Superinten-
dent Percep-
tion
(N = 157):
Principal
Self Per-
ception
(N = 103):
Teacher
Perception
(N = 803):
Vision Unprepared & Little (1 & 2) =
Adequate preparation (3) =
Well & Outstanding (4 & 5) =
12%
37%
51%
19%
36%
42%
27%
25%
48%
Culture Unprepared & Little (1 & 2) =
Adequate preparation (3) =
Well & Outstanding (4 & 5) =
8%
31%
61%
19%
31%
50%
36%
23%
41%
Operation Unprepared & Little (1 & 2) =
Adequate preparation (3) =
Well & Outstanding (4 & 5) =
7%
21%
72%
22 %
38%
40%
34%
21%
45%
Discipline Unprepared & Little (1 & 2) =
Adequate preparation (3) =
Well & Outstanding (4 & 5) =
8%
24%
68%
28%
38%
34%
44%
20%
36%
Distributed Lead-
ership
Unprepared & Little (1 & 2) =
Adequate preparation (3) =
Well & Outstanding (4 & 5) =
12%
40%
48%
22%
32%
46%
39%
24%
37%
Adaptive Leader-
ship
Unprepared & Little (1 & 2) =
Adequate preparation (3) =
Well & Outstanding (4 & 5) =
18%
30%
52%
26%
30%
44%
45%
21%
34%
Situational
Awareness
Unprepared & Little (1 & 2) =
Adequate preparation (3) =
Well & Outstanding (4 & 5) =
14%
34%
52%
27%
33%
40%
42%
22%
36%
Professional De-
velopment
Unprepared & Little (1 & 2) =
Adequate preparation (3) =
Well & Outstanding (4 & 5) =
16%
36%
49%
28%
26%
46%
25%
25%
50%
Monitor Unprepared & Little (1 & 2) =
Adequate preparation (3) =
Well & Outstanding (4 & 5) =
18%
33%
49%
31%
31%
38%
32%
25%
43%
Visibility Unprepared & Little (1 & 2) =
Adequate preparation (3) =
Well & Outstanding (4 & 5) =
5%
18%
77%
13%
29%
58%
37%
20%
43%
Celebration Unprepared & Little (1 & 2) =
Adequate preparation (3) =
Well & Outstanding (4 & 5) =
5%
27%
68%
18%
36%
46%
29%
26%
45%
Change Unprepared & Little (1 & 2) =
Adequate preparation (3) =
Well & Outstanding (4 & 5) =
18%
34%
48%
22%
27%
51%
37%
24%
39%
Advocate Unprepared & Little (1 & 2) =
Adequate preparation (3) =
Well & Outstanding (4 & 5) =
10%
28%
62%
11%
36%
53%
31%
24%
45%