Junk3] PROCEEDINGS. [1890.
thatwhichis above or high ; Heaven ; superior, excellent,honour
able,exalted"; thus agreeingverywellwiththe Accadian term. In
my last paper I pointed out that the Accadian ^yyjJfbK^f," head,"
oughtto be read as it stood, sag-duor sang-du. I have sincecome
acrossthis very termin Chinese, viz.,_£ SJj, shang-t'au, " the head
or chief." TheShanghaiequivalent,zong-du= Accadianzag,zang,
"head"+ DU. A god is mentioned under the title of dingir
Sang-dugga,whichis paraphrased by the Assyrian ilu banisu, " the
god his father " ; and Caivan or Saturn is called sang-us,and Nin-ib,
SANG-rAR,formswhichare parallel to Shang-ti. Andjust as shang-
shangmeans "ofthe bestquality," so sang-sang is "great" or
" excellent" (kabtu, " heavy," like gravis). Finally,I have saidthat
<K, tin or din, "life," is also "spirits" or "strong drink."
Accordingly, we have tyfsf:£K, sang-tin,not as a title of the
highestgod,but of the best spiritsor liquor.*
TheIdeogram ££{?&
This character is compounded of £1?^, man,and J^ other,
brother. It had the sounds sis, phonetically spelledsi-ES(fs), and
lis, as appears from the word E5w$^U sis-si,as well as uru.
Likeits synonym kur,the term denotedbothbrother,andenemy
(ahu,limnu); which maybe explained by the fact that in polygamous
countries a brother is often a rival claimant for the father's
favourand the family inheritance(cp. Ishmael and Isaac; Joseph's
Brethren).
sfs or rather sissiappearsto be compounded of sin + si(n), the
pronunciationhoveringbetweensh and s for the initial sound, a
hesitationwhichis faithfully reflectedin the writing, sin(sin),there
fore,wouldseemto be a primitive termfor brotherin Accadian,as sen
- The ideogram hasthe gloss (kU-run),an Accadian term, which is
explainedsabU,the Hebrew K3Dvinum; cp. the Chinese jjjjf, iu, " new spirits,"
and nung, Amoylong," thick,rich,"of spirits; kan-nung, " sweet or oily wine "
( = karran, i.e., KARAN, kar&nu,"wine").The Accadian (K TIN (din), "strong
drink,"is not to be directly comparedto tsiu ; it is more nearlyrelatedto the
Amoyehiu(= du). But ting, "drunk";Ian, Shanghaitln (=tin), "fondof
wine"; fan, Amoytarn, Shanghai di" (=din), "generous wine,"andt'i,
Amoyt'i, Shanghai di, " reddish, but pure clearliquor,"" rich wine," are closer
representativesof TIN, DIN;cp. also tien," to pour a libation " ; t'ien, " well-
tasted,"of wine; t'ien, " to strengthen spirits." All these termsexceptthe last
two have the prefix^', " strongdrink." Ching,"to distil spirits" = ting, tin.
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