June3] SOCIETYOF BIBLICAL ARCHEOLOGY. [1890.
Thethreecharacterswhichinvolveh'iung,"breast,"viz.,h'iung,
"frightened,"andh'iung,"to brawl, to scold" {words+ breast), and
h'iung, "the rush of water, bubbling;tumultuous, clamorous;"
h'iung-h'iung,"thereVeille1of drums, din,""excited"(of anger), are
all obviously derivedfromit, for it includes the notions of angerand
clamour:e.g., >]» A $J (5), siao jan h'iung-h'iung, "Petty men
(are)quarrelsome,"lit., small manbraivl-brawl. Theideaof anger
is included in the Accadian <<rmr (jeggatuor uzzatu) ; and noise
is a manifestation of that passion. Withthissenseof the root we
mayperhaps furthercompare»%£yf?|Sunor sin, " battle " {kablu).
This ideogram consists of ȣrff skin,flesh, body+ JJ water; cp.
h'iung,water+ breast, for "clamorous," "noiseof drums."
Therelationbetween Accadian wordswith initial k and s(S),
already glanced at, is observable also in Chinese. If the sound
hiungpresupposesan older sin, sim, on the one hand, it presupposes
an older kin, kun, on the other. Hencea relation becomesvisible
between ko (ka), Shanghaiku, " elder brother,"kiu, do.,Accadian
KU-R(=kus),"brother,"andhiung(sin),"elderbrother,"Japanese
se, Accadian Sis ; which is just like that betweenAccadiankin(gin)
in KiN-Mfs, " old man," " grandsire," (bursumti), -t\j^\ t][JXand
Si, sig, SUN ( = sin), "old" (Idbiru), ^^Tf. (This character
seemsalsoto "have had the sound of kur in the same sense; cp. the
Chinese £ ku, "ancient," "old," and kiu, "old." Chinese has
alsosi, dialectic sik, "old," sun(sin), "first, the ancients," and
sau (su), Shanghaisu, "an old man"; in exact agreementwith the
Accadian. So $£ sung, " pine-tree," including firs and yews, is
writtenwiththe phonetic kung,showingthatit once had that sound;
and the same characterwith the radical ts'ao,"plant,"g£ is pro
nouncedsung,"cabbage,"a general termfor such plants. Compare
thiswith the Accadian JZ^If5lM>" greens" (urkilu), andJZ^z5|y
»-£E=yy §im-li(?), "pine" (burdiu). Compare also t^ffc 5am
(sam),the common prefixof vegetables, whichalsohadthe values
kus,gu§, gud,whence,by abrasion, u. So, again, $$, kung, "an
insect," readsungin the senseof "grasshopper"; cp. ki-sim, a
kindof locust or grasshopper. Thesameideogramis read su-rin,
- Staff, " little,"dialecticsiu, siau, sio, shao, seemsto indicate a primary sir,
shir,shar : cp. tgf SIR," little." Withjin,jin,cp. *\ DIN, ziiaru," male,"
"man."
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