Organic Waste Recycling

62 Organic waste recycling: technology and management

Geographical distribution Southeast Asia Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide

Transmission

a

Person (or animal)

ĺ

aquatic

snail

ĺ

fish

ĺ

person

Person

ĺ

cow

ĺ

person

Person

ĺ

pig (or person)

ĺ

person Person

ĺ

soil

ĺ

person

Disease Liver fluke Beef tapeworm Pork tapeworm Whipworm

Table 2.23 Enteric pathogens in human excreta and wastewater (Gaudy and Gaudy 1980; Feachem Pathogen Clonorchis sinensis Taenia saginata Taenia solium Trichuris trichiura

et al.

1983) (continued)

a Transmission mode is generally through the fecal-oral route, i.e. the excreted disease may be ingested by other persons or the excreted disease go through some development stages in the environment (water, soil, or animals) and infect other persons. Some virus diseases may be transmitted by the oral-oral route, e.g. through throat secretion. For some helmintic infections such as

Ancylostoma

and

Schitosoma

, the infective larvae will pene

trate the skin of a person directly